Abstract
As one of the most popular analgesic and antipyretic, especially for pregnant women and children, acetaminophen is available over the counter in many forms. When consumed over long periods of time or in high dosages, acetaminophen has serious side effects including liver damage and other organ damages, therefore an effective quality control method of analysis. Here a method using cyclic voltammetry to analyze the concentration of acetaminophen in a liquid suspension Publix brand children’s pain reliever was developed and validated. A linear relationship from 0.79 ppt to 1.75ppt was determined with a coefficient of variation of 0.994 and a 95% confidence interval of +/- 11 for the slope. The method showed good precision with %RSD for …show more content…
Introduction
Acetaminophen, otherwise known as paracetamol or by the brand name Tylenol, is the most widely prescribed analgesic and antipyretic for minor cases.1-3 It is one of the only such medications recommended by physicians as safe for use during pregnancy.1-3 It is also popularly given to children due to its safety and continued effectiveness in low dosages.1-3
However, when consumed in high doses or over long periods of time, acetaminophen is associated with severe side effects, most notably including liver damage, but also kidney disease, reproductive systems, brain, and gastrointestinal upset.2, 4-10 Acetaminophen is the leading cause of drug-induced liver damage, with over 56,000 reported emergency room incidents in the United States alone .2, 4 The exact mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity is not well known, however, certain metabolites resulting from the metabolism of acetaminophen have been linked to some of the toxicity …show more content…
It is relatively inexpensive, rapid, and reliable with little sample preparation required. The detection of acetaminophen via cyclic voltammetry is based on same oxidation of the molecule previously mentioned by the reaction in Figure 1 at the applied voltage of the working electrode, which results in a signal of measurable current proportional to the concentration.17 A plot of the current versus voltage results in a voltammogram which gives details on the reversibility of the reaction based on the peaks. Acetaminophen is able to undergo the unique oxidation into NAPQI, then the amide group is eliminated.17 The final product, benzoquinone, is unable to be further oxidized or reduced.17 The result is an irreversible reaction that will have a single positive anodic peak proportional to the concentration of the
As one of the most popular analgesic and antipyretic, especially for pregnant women and children, acetaminophen is available over the counter in many forms. When consumed over long periods of time or in high dosages, acetaminophen has serious side effects including liver damage and other organ damages, therefore an effective quality control method of analysis. Here a method using cyclic voltammetry to analyze the concentration of acetaminophen in a liquid suspension Publix brand children’s pain reliever was developed and validated. A linear relationship from 0.79 ppt to 1.75ppt was determined with a coefficient of variation of 0.994 and a 95% confidence interval of +/- 11 for the slope. The method showed good precision with %RSD for …show more content…
Introduction
Acetaminophen, otherwise known as paracetamol or by the brand name Tylenol, is the most widely prescribed analgesic and antipyretic for minor cases.1-3 It is one of the only such medications recommended by physicians as safe for use during pregnancy.1-3 It is also popularly given to children due to its safety and continued effectiveness in low dosages.1-3
However, when consumed in high doses or over long periods of time, acetaminophen is associated with severe side effects, most notably including liver damage, but also kidney disease, reproductive systems, brain, and gastrointestinal upset.2, 4-10 Acetaminophen is the leading cause of drug-induced liver damage, with over 56,000 reported emergency room incidents in the United States alone .2, 4 The exact mechanism of acetaminophen toxicity is not well known, however, certain metabolites resulting from the metabolism of acetaminophen have been linked to some of the toxicity …show more content…
It is relatively inexpensive, rapid, and reliable with little sample preparation required. The detection of acetaminophen via cyclic voltammetry is based on same oxidation of the molecule previously mentioned by the reaction in Figure 1 at the applied voltage of the working electrode, which results in a signal of measurable current proportional to the concentration.17 A plot of the current versus voltage results in a voltammogram which gives details on the reversibility of the reaction based on the peaks. Acetaminophen is able to undergo the unique oxidation into NAPQI, then the amide group is eliminated.17 The final product, benzoquinone, is unable to be further oxidized or reduced.17 The result is an irreversible reaction that will have a single positive anodic peak proportional to the concentration of the