Timbuktu

Superior Essays
Hammer Essay
While the book by Joshua Hammer narrates the events that have shaped Islamic culture the themes of religion, geography, and social hierarchy reveal differences and similarities between the fictional work and historical research. This essay argues how religion, geography, and how social hierarchy will have all contributed in the trade routes within the Sahara regions. The trading system gives great power to an area. The abuse of power in and around Mali, by specific groups will have substantial impact on the society’s inclusive culture.
Timbuktu was located on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. It had flourished of Islamic scholarship and values for centuries. Due to the centralizing location of Timbuktu it was the center
…show more content…
31). Being that Timbuktu was the hub of ancient manuscripts and dominated book collecting for centuries, his whole life was dedicated to traveling to small villages and to major cities and preserve Islamic culture. When he succeeded, this same time hard-line extremists swept the region in from the north and seized the city in 2012. Haidara took on a different kind of preservation effort, and was forced to disperse, smuggle, and hide the manuscripts to safety out of the Ahmed Baba Institute archive. Access to different regions surrounding Timbuktu allowed Haidara to carry out the necessary tasks like shipping many scripts down the Nile River, burying papers under the sand, and sending off trunks of history on camels into the …show more content…
AQIM’s capture was final when the French troops forced them to leave the city of Timbuktu. This moment emerged liberty, independence, and choice for so many women and men living under the control of the enemy. Each gender was persecuted for different things: This made punishments unpredictable, inconsistent, and harsh. Because of Timbuktu’s police and military were too vulnerable, AQIM could carry out any attack on any one for doing the slightest action wrong: Not wearing a certain item, not having a specific length of hair, being accompanied with a male, etc. Inevitably, the women of Timbuktu were singled out for distinct persecution.
Societies create a cultural and social role for women and men. In ancient Egypt, the women would “[transcend] gender norms, acting or appearing like a man” (WTWA CP pg.62). Hatshepsut did this to be accepted into the position of a new women ruler. One of the only remains of her role of power is an inscription of her portrayed as a male pharaoh. The women of Timbuktu do the opposite of Hatshepsut. Instead of conforming to what is accepted and expected, they fight for their individuality and their right to express their woman hood through protest in the market places in the city

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Tenth Parallel Analysis

    • 451 Words
    • 2 Pages

    1. Physically, the tenth parallel is a circle of latitude that runs across Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, Central America, South America, and Southeast Asia. Culturally, the tenth parallel is the front line where Christianity and Islam collide. 2.…

    • 451 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    While reading this book, a reader will be taken through three journeys. The first is Lindqvist’s own voyage through the Sahara. When describing his excursion, one will learn about the situation of the people in Africa. Including their social and economic situation, their lifestyle, and their corrupt officials (Lindqvist 2-34).…

    • 1045 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Timbuktu Dbq

    • 478 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Cities in the early world were very important for establishing a kingdom’s dominance, and educating the future leaders of the world. Education, Scholarship, and strong financial and political leadership led to the creation and empowerment of great cities. Timbuktu was a very prosperous city. Timbuktu was raised on the principles of trade and education. The main products traded along the routes of the Timbuktu and ultimately the Songhai Empire were gold and salt.…

    • 478 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Elhadji M Gueye HIST285B Kent F Schull 11/24/2015 Essay Prompt # 2 During the nineteenth century, the Islamic world encountered what is called the modern world system which presented the integration of the entire globe in term of economic, social, political and cultural changes. The integration between different nations led to the European imperialism in the Islamic world(Egger, 315). As the Ottoman Empire was getting weaker the Europeans took advantage of the ottoman territory because they surpassed the Ottoman Empire in term of military and economic might(PowerPoint).…

    • 1320 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Timbuktu Research Paper

    • 88 Words
    • 1 Pages

    Timbuktu is believed to have been founded around 1100 CE by nomadic tribes in the area. Timbuktu then became apart of the Kingdom of Mali when it was founded in 1230 CE. The Kingdom of Mali and its place in trade helped Mali to secure its place in the Trans-Saharan trade route. Though items that are not native to the area Timbuktu is located in being found in the city, mainly North African style glass beads and copper, suggesting trade may have started as early as 600…

    • 88 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Religion greatly influenced the way that Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta viewed the local people and their ruler. Kublai Khan incorporated Christianity and other religions, and Mansá Músá assimilated Islam into Malian culture. It is important to look at the way each religion altered certain societies. There are differences between the people’s reactions to the religion, and how Polo and Battuta’s own culture and personality affected their perceptions of different societies. As a result, it becomes clear that the personal biases of Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta alter the validity of their written accounts.…

    • 1216 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Lost Libraries of Timbuktu was an enlightening documentary that shed significant light on Timbuktu’s medieval cultural history. It focused on the ancient writing tradition of preserving information in manuscripts by examining thousands of lost manuscripts and the conservation efforts behind their restoration and preservation. I found it incredibly interesting how millions of individuals together hid their own collections of manuscripts to safeguard their people’s history from becoming the spoils of war and colonization. Furthermore, it was staggering to hear that many of these families have been hiding their personal manuscript collections for centuries — through Moroccan invasion, regional power struggles and French colonization. These…

    • 233 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Timbuktu People Summary

    • 110 Words
    • 1 Pages

    Musa went to the city of Timbuktu, and then he starts to dazzle all their treasure they have to the Timbuktu people. He showered gold feathers on street and a crowd of people rushed over and fought for the gold. Some of them got hurt. They became angry and started fighting with each other. The situations were getting more and more serious.…

    • 110 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Furthermore, it’s a reason why women have been so involved with the protest because they’ve been so susceptible to police violence and the criminal justice system in which the struggle and organization have involved to represent a male…

    • 871 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    The Ancient Kingdom of Kerma The Ancient Kingdom of Kerma is a major archaeological site located near the third cataract near the Nile River in modern Sudan was one of the first African Kingdoms, a mecca for trade, rich agriculture, and political importance. Its location was perfect for animal husbandry and agriculture, which allowed the Kush civilization to play a dominant role in trading along the Nile, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Red Sea. Based on ceramics and funeral customs excavators have classified several chronological phases, including, Old, Middle, and Classic Kerma. During Classic Kerma there were armed conflicts and the kingdom had a system of defenses.…

    • 162 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Superior Essays

    J.R. Early’s “The Tragedy of sub-Saharan Africa” lays context for a discussion about how outside contact, primarily European, adversely affected Africa after 1500. Early argues that this perceived lack of agency and African subordination to European forces is the “tragedy of sub-Saharan Africa’s history”. However, the real tragedy here is the ignorant omission of centuries of rich culture and history while patting ourselves on the back for recognizing the “tragedy” that befell the “ever-so-helpless” Africans. To really understand what happened in sub-Saharan Africa from 1500 on, we have to probe much deeper than Early, and look at internal factors, such as slave trade within Africa, the true level of African autonomy over transactions…

    • 1241 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Anger of the Dispossessed by John Phillips and Martin Evans is a fascinating example of Algeria’s recent and very wounded history, demonstrating how the expectancy of independence turned into outrage as Algerians grew progressively isolated. Algeria was in need of a new leadership so many turned to and the rising Islamist movement for this search for guidance and leadership. They were hung up on being unemployed and the tired of the treacherous military regime. The authors are mainly arguing that although Algeria’s independence and release from French isolationism was what the they fought for, their economic and social problems did not change and the cycle of poverty, corruption, and world terrorism only continued instead of creating…

    • 750 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Segu Summary

    • 1900 Words
    • 8 Pages

    Segu through a Historic and Cultural Perspective Segu, by Maryse Conde is a five-part prose centered around four brothers born into the prestigious Traore family. It is a novel gravely satiated with the history of a kingdom in Mali during the late 17 to early 1800s, a time of immense cultural refinement. These alterations depicted in the novel are: the spread of Islam, the slave trade, and the mutation of identity due to such refinements. Due to this, the lenses of New Historicism, Cultural Studies will be associated to my research paper to prove that identity is malleable. Maryse Conde exemplifies this theme with one of the main characters, Tiekoro; as he was the first to venture out of Segu to experience the new religion.…

    • 1900 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Women have endured social tyranny in their homes and in their countries, but it has not stopped them, it has pushed them forward. The gained then were victories that motivated the women to keep fighting and make their voices heard. Although there may still be discrimination against women today, the gender roles and social injustice is gradually diminishing. The movement was a turning point in history, and has affected women world…

    • 1015 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Marxist Feminism

    • 730 Words
    • 3 Pages

    FEMINIST ANALYSIS OF THE BOOK TITLED “IN THE CHEST OF A WOMAN” “Feminism is a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression” (hook, 2000). The goals of feminism include: To demonstrate the importance of women; to reveal that historically women have been subordinate to men and to bring about gender equity, is a theme Efo Kodjo Mawugbe, the playwright, hesitantly advocate in his book titled “In the Chest of a Woman”. “In the chest of a woman is not only an extension of the breast and a feeble heart, but a strong desire to hold and use power,” was the motivation which energized Nana Yaa Kyeretwe, the princess, to fiercely fight against patriarchy in the Ebusa kingdom when her dying Queen mother bequeathed the stool of the kingdom to her younger…

    • 730 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays