A Separate Peace: Literary Criticism

Improved Essays
In the Literary Criticism “Counterpoint”, by James M. Mellard, the critic analyzes the juxtaposition between components in the novel, A Separate Peace, by John Knowles. Mellard strongly suggests to his readers how Knowles uses “counterpoint in character development, symbolism, plot and structure” (Mellard 56), which brings forth the ultimate question of how does counterpoint support A Separate Peace’s “ultimate theme” (56). The fundamental answer to this proposed question, in the eyes of Mellard, is that contrasting concepts are used to prove Knowles’ portrayal of diminished innocence and the path to maturity.
At his first point, Mellard illustrates how counterpoint is the greatest technique in Knowles’ arsenal of fiction based writing approaches.
…show more content…
The author exemplifies that contrast in A Separate Peace which helps the reader distinguish key points of character, conflict, and story in which Knowles intended the reader to find. This perspective, in Mellard’s opinion, creates insightful distinction between characters, events and setting, therefore generating the elevated theme deliberately planned by Knowles. Next, the author chooses to depict the differentiation between the Devon summer and the Devon winter as a subtopic under seasonal counterpoint. Mellard finds this divergence leads into Gene’s ultimate growth by analyzing the “balancing of the world fantasy, dream and desire, against the world of fact, even of nightmare and repulsion” (57-58). Mellard believes that with every fun filled aspect of our life comes a contrasting, negative feature as well. This is proven by his mindset that Gene’s journey mimics the cycle of summer and winter. He poses the idea that people, such as Gene, may change with the seasons, leading into the suggestion that the seasons do not only reflect how life may change Gene, but also how …show more content…
The Devon River of beauty and summer Naguamsett River to create “a vicissitude which suggests once again that youth cannot avoid responsibility of maturity” (59). Mellard uses this impression of the rivers to show the inescapable aspect of human life, that being our gradual loss of innocence. He then finishes with a comparison of how the Devon River is where Gene hangs out with Finny during the summer, while the key event in winter is one of “Gene and Quackenbush catapulting into the Naguamsett” (59) fighting. This lays out the author’s intentions for using this example, which is to point out how change can also lead to conflict between the conceptual relationship of Gene and Finny combines with the two falls of Finny. The author supports this by implying that “the conflict between Finny and Gene runs much deeper…for there are essential oppositions in personality” (60). Mellard uses this layout to depict how greatly jealousy tears the relationship between the so-called best friends apart, therefore resulting in Finny’s fall from the tree and eventual fall down the staircase. He

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    In the book it shows the relationship between these two absolute best friends. Finny believes, after not jumping out of the tree when they had earlier in the book, Leper will finally jump out of this tree. Finny approached the room where Gene was, when he rounded the corner he asked Gene if he would like to go watch. Gene then went on to tell him that he was studying. He then goes on to say “ If I need to study, then so do you.”.…

    • 563 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    September 1, 1939 was the start of a very gruesome and saddening World War II. A Separate Peace by John Knowles is set during World War II, 1942 to be exact, following Gene Forrester as he struggles with identity, friendships, and jealousy while tagging along with his best bud, Phineas, who goes by Finny. During the war, Gene and Finny are studying at Devon School, a dormitory for young boys, during its summer session. Since the war is happening around them at that time, it starts to have an effect on Gene and Finny, as well as some of their friends. The effect of the war might even change them for the rest of their lives.…

    • 778 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    “The carnival was breaking apart…hung like a bomb between us.” As this occurs, the boys’ faces were expressionless of anger and fear as a riot broke out in a peaceful evergreen. Knowles depicts this atmosphere to reveal the unsure feeling of innocence and more retaliation on rules. Furthermore, Knowles depicts the river as an act of catharsis to a violent day and resembles less protest. “…perhaps the Naguamsett carried out on the receding tide.”…

    • 1061 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Two Sides of War: The Character Contrast Between Finny and Brinker The Second World War lay heavy on the shoulders of many young men during the war. John Knowles’s characters, Phineas and Brinker, in the novel A Separate Peace, are no exception despite being the leaders of the group of boys at the Devon School. That being said, Phineas and Brinker’s similarities lie there, the two are used as foils in terms of leadership style to highlight the different approaches to dealing with the oncoming realities of war. Phineas and Brinker establish their power in opposite methods to demonstrate the different ways of facing the war. While Brinker is authoritative in his first lines of the novel, from the moment Phineas is introduced to the reader,…

    • 1031 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    John Knowles intended his book, A Separate Peace, for a young audience such as a high school level, or a lower college level, and he hopes to convey the theme that one’s actions have consequences but it’s all part of growing up, which is what most people of this age bracket are going though at this time in life. John Knowles exhibites the immaturity of the main character, Gene Forrester, by displaying his flawed reasoning and misconceptions about his grades slipping by blaming it on his friend, Finny. After their outing to the beach which leads to Gene failing his trigonometry test, he has an epiphany in which he believes Finny is sabotaging his studies on purpose because he is jealous; Gene says, “The deadly rivalry was on both sides afterall” (54). These thoughts are the start of a dark road which winds it’s way throughout the story and leads Gene to several mistakes, the consequences of which shape his life later in the story, similar to what one might also experience when growing up.…

    • 481 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The core of a relationship lives in mutual trust, and when it is gone, it is very difficult to get back. This holds true to Gene and Phineas, or Finny, in John Knowles’ novel A Separate Peace. Throughout the novel, Gene’s trust in Phineas waivers constantly, for no good reason other than his own cynicism and jealousy. He was jealous of Phineas’ athletic ability and charm over the faculty and students at The Devon School. With their relationship, Knowles demonstrates that people’s individual jealousy, insecurities, and perhaps confusion in one’s identity can lead to someone having bitter cynicism.…

    • 535 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The Separate Peace” Essay and Analysis During the fall break I read the book called “The Separate Peace”, and in this essay I want to focus on the theme friendship. This thee is really important to me, because you need friendship in life cause when you are down they can pick you right back up. Then when you’re thinking to highly of yourself they can make you stop getting so cocky, and they are like a brother or sister to us. This book focuses on a friendship between two sixteen-year-old boys, and there friendship has a combination of admiration, respect, jealousy, and resentment.…

    • 1021 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Although John Knowles’s novel, A Separate Peace, is set in the midst of WWII, there is a lack of the typical violence and combat associated with the war. However, Knowles uses wartime themes to depict the personal battles the protagonist is forced to face. The most prevalent of the wartimes themes present in the main characters of the novel are feelings of hostility and enmity. This demonstrates that the war, although not physically occurring with the United States, is still taking a toll on Americans. The conflict between the protagonist, Gene, and his friend, Phineas, consists of the battle each boy at the school must come to face as he grows up in a world engulfed in the war.…

    • 1774 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles writes about two best friends who went to a boarding school called Devon during the early years of the civil war. Knowles uses a variety of literary devices in order to convey that jealousy can lead to regretful decisions. Furthermore, Knowles reveals jealousy can lead to regretful decisions through characterization. For instance, Knowles writes, “Sure Finny wanted to share everything with me, especially his procession of D’s in every subject.…

    • 733 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In the novel A Separate Peace, John Knowles diagrams the human heart, and the world in diversity of good and evil. The main characters Gene, and Finny display to the reader deep philosophy. The philosophic idea of A Separate Peace explains the quality of the world, good and evil can affect and control the human mind and heart. In consonance with the bible for christianity, when Eve was bamboozled from picking from the apple tree, evil had became a factor to human nature, and in conjunction with the human heart.…

    • 935 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A Separate Peace

    • 434 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The setting of A Separate Peace helps reveal the character of Finny by showing him beat the school’s swimming record, the tree, and even the…

    • 434 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Peace may be achieved in many different ways, one is by breaking down an enemy. The only way for Gene to find peace is to break down his enemy who is thought to be his best friend, Finny. Jealousy is a feeling resentment against someone because of that person's rivalry, success, or advantages. Gene slowly becomes jealous of his roommate Finny because of his charisma and his ability to be liked by everyone and get away with anything. Not only is Gene jealous of Finnys personality, but he also envy’s that he is a top athlete at Devon.…

    • 771 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    World War II as a Symbol in A Separate Peace In A Separate Peace, John Knowles uses World War II to symbolize denial of conflict and feelings, the reality of impending adulthood, and internal conflict in the minds of Gene and Finny. The war and the question of whether or not to enlist are omnipresent worries in the minds of the boys at the Devon School in New Hampshire. Although World War II is a major conflict in the novel, the various forms of strife it symbolizes are much more significant in the development of Knowles’ story. World War II symbolizes denial in many forms. For much of the novel, Finny refuses to believe that the war actually exists, referring to the combat as “nothing more than a ploy concocted by fat, old, wealthy men” (Adney…

    • 1222 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    A Separate Peace by John Knowles expresses biblical allusions and Greek mythology through most of the primary characters. The figures of Adam and Eve, Judas, Apollo, Pan, Phthonus, and Jesus are all strongly alluded to throughout the book within the characters of Gene, Finny, Leper and Brinker. This will be strongly demonstrated through the following comparisons of Greek myths and biblical stories and, the events that surround the characters of A Separate Peace. The story of Adam and Eve is quite simple; God created a man named Adam and gave him a wife by taking one of Adam’s ribs to form her.…

    • 1473 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A Separate Lie According to John Knowles, truth is something deeper than thought, but a feeling that holds immense power over those who possess it, Knowles writes, “I was stopped by that level of feeling, deeper than thought, which contains the truth,” (Knowles 48). Throughout the novel, A Separate Peace by John Knowles, deception is held onto by the boys of Devon School as a way for them to avoid facing the reality and truth of their environments and actions throughout World War II. Due to the tension between the protagonist Gene and his best friend Finny, they hold on to an illusion of peace and happiness in order to hide from reality. The morally testing situations result in a separate and symbolic peace that the boys of Devon use to protect themselves from the fear of the war, and the repercussions of their actions. Fear, deception, and a desire to escape painful truth in order to keep a “separate peace” is seen throughout the novel - specifically after Gene visits Finny in Boston, The Winter Carnival, and after Finny’s fatal accident.…

    • 890 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays