Essay On Korean Barley Cultivars

Improved Essays
Twenty Korean barley cultivars (Geongang, Gwangan, Nackyoung, Dahyang, Daejin, Saegang, Boanchal, Keunal, Saessal, Saechalssal, Sujung, and Boanchalssal) were selected in this research. All the cultivars were developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea and were grown during 2013 in the experimental fields of the NICS, Milyang, Gyeongnam. After harvesting, barley leaves were immediately washed with clean sterile water and then air-dried for 2 days at room temperature. The collected leaves (Fig. 1) were freeze-dried immediately after sampling (harvest dates:30th March, 10th April, 28th April, and 12th May, 2013) and stored at –40 ºC prior to analysis.

[Insert Figure 1]

Analytical grade water, acetonitrile, and TFA were purchased for UPLC analysis from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). For quantitative analysis, phenolic compounds used for the standards were isolated from barley leaves, as reported in earlier method (Park et al., 2014). DPPH, ABTS, BHT, Trolox, and potassium persulphate, Sephadex LH-20, acetic acid, formic acid, and DMSO-d6 were obtained from
…show more content…
The pulverized sample (1.0 g, 60 mesh) was extracted with 20 mL of the 80% methanol for 24 h in a shaking incubator at 25 °C. The crude extract was filtered through a PTEE syringe filter before UPLC analysis. for the calibration curve, the peak area of the isolated phenolic compounds was integrated with the UPLC chromatogram at 335 nm and plotted against the concentration to create a linear curve. The stock solution was prepared in MeOH to obtain a 1 mg/mL concentration. Ten curves were obtained by diluting the individual stock solutions in MeOH to six different concentrations including 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 50, and 100 μg/mL. The correlation coefficients (r2) of each curve were observed higher than

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Dichromate To Isoborneol

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The percent yield of isoborneol (part two) was determined to be 36.7% with the limiting reagent being camphor. If this reaction was repeated, more care would have been taken when subliming the product by controlling the temperature to make sure only camphor and isoborneol got sublimed. However, based on the IR spectra’s obtained camphor and isoborneol, the reaction did successfully oxidize borneol to camphor showing the formation of the key carbonyl group, and the reaction to reduce camphor to isoborneol did somewhat go to completion with the key hydroxyl group but it did show a carbonyl group present, which is not present in the true isoborneol IR spectrum. The 1H NMR also showed good experimental evidence of isoborneol being preferred (major product) over…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    The theoretical yield of 2-methyl-2-pentanol was calculated below: 0.0992 mol ×102.175g / 1 mol × 1ml / 0.81 g = 12.5ml The % yield was calculated as below: 1.20ml / 12.5ml × 100 = 9.60 % Conclusion After the separation of the alcohol from ether layer, despite the fact that multiple of trials were performed, the product was still be separated and taken IR and refractive index. According to the IR and refractive index, the product was confirmed to be the expected product, 2-methyl-2-pentanol. The amount of product was calculated to be 1.20 ml and the % yield of the product was calculated to be 9.60%. The reason the experimental yield and % yield was very low due to the wrong distillation method used and some of the product was evaporated off with the ether during the transfer between…

    • 1123 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    Wisconsin Fast Plants

    • 1332 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The remaining groups performed the same procedure as groups two and three making soils with 0.75, 0.37, 0.18, 0.09, and 0.045 percent sodium chloride concentrations. Each of the six groups created two samples either two samples of various salt concentrations or a salt concentration and a control with a zero percent sodium chloride concentration in the soil. Once all the groups created the correct soil concentrations, they placed each soil concentration into four small, Styrofoam wells. In each well the groups placed two seeds, Wisconsin Fast Plants, into each well. They then covered the seeds in extra soil of the correct sodium chloride concentration.…

    • 1332 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this expert from Red Sorghum by Mo Yan, the war between the dogs and the humans have resurfaced. Lightning from a storm struck the grave of Communists, Nationalists, commoners, Japanese and puppet troops that were once buried there decades ago. The lightning split open the grave spreading the bones up to ten yards away from the grave. The narrator goes to see the opened grave that is in the same spot that his mother, father and Granddad had once fought.…

    • 286 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Ida B. Wells-Barnett is sitting in her train seat, reading a book as the conductor of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company stomps up to her Train Conductor: Ma’am you have to move to the smoking car Ida B. Wells-Barnett: Excuse me? Train Conductor: You must relocate at the smoking car Ida B. Wells-Barnett: Why? I have done nothing wrong, I paid for my ticket, you can see my stub if you’d like.…

    • 393 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Objective The objective of the experiment was to determine the purity and components of a mixture of fluorescein and bromonitroindoline, as well as separate them, through the process of thin layer chromatography. Procedure Part A- Separation of Compounds by Thin Layer Chromatography • Three 100 mL beakers and watch glasses were cleaned in preparation for this experiment. Three silica gel plates were acquired from the instructor, and to each plate a line was drawn 5 mm from the edge of the plate on both sides with a pencil, this was done carefully as to not scratch or break the plate’s gel layer. After marking the plates, three different concentrations of methanol and dichloromethane were prepared in the three beakers: a solution with 1 mL methanol and 1 mL dichloromethane, a solution with 1 mL methanol and 2 mL dichloromethane, and a solution with 1 mL methanol and 3 mL dichloromethane.…

    • 566 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nitrophenol Lab Report

    • 377 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Four different were gathered from the IR spectroscopy to identify the nitrophenol. The first peak observed was a weak and broad at 3314.75 cm-1, which was corresponded to an alcohol group; therefore this peak must be corresponded to the O-H stretch of the phenol with a literature value that ranges from 3550-3500 cm-1 (Figure 5). The variance between the observed value, and the expected value can be due to the MHz of the IR spectrometer used. The second peak observed was a weak-medium, sharp and narrow at 1586.79 cm-1. This peak was in agreement with the aromatic C=…

    • 377 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    First, Brody highlights some effects of environmental degradation such as the difference in salt content in soil and drought. For example, the habitats of plants have changed so much that it delays their natural rate of growth (“Fears, Not Facts …”). However, she further describes that such conditions play no effect in G.M.O. crops because they contain devised characteristics of tolerance that ensure them to have a higher probability of long life and, thus, a better chance in a large production of food products. This is effective because Brody introduces some major environmental problems and its inevitable effect on plants. However, the author discusses how G.M.O. crops are different and not affected by such problems.…

    • 765 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Melting Point Value

    • 294 Words
    • 2 Pages

    A important tests were performed on the product to pressure the results: melting point value, percent yield, IR, and TLC. The experimental melting point value was found to be a range of 165-167 ºC being a little lower than the literature value for camphor, the intended product, was 175 ºC. The sharp range was resulted in a slightly pure product. The percent yield was lower than expected which can be the reason most of the product was lost during the extraction and almost completely sublimated during the solvent evaporation, which lead to vacuum filtration. As a known possibility, some ketone and alcohol was formed and could be associated with the borneol drying out an contaminating the water.…

    • 294 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Lab Report

    • 615 Words
    • 3 Pages

    28 corn seeds of the same species (Zea Mays L.) were planted in identical pots with exactly 55g of soil from the same bag. The soil was dampened with 100ml of distilled water. The seeds were then planted 3.81cm below the surface. 4 groups were set up each containing 7 plants. The first group was a control group and was only exposed to distilled water.…

    • 615 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Medieval Food

    • 1128 Words
    • 5 Pages

    This essay will focus on food, clothing, and education from the medieval period, explaining how they influenced daily life. The Medieval period was full of hard and strenuous times. Where and how food came about, and who influenced it. Where clothing came from. Who wore what types of clothing.…

    • 1128 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    I always hear people raving about eating whole grains and I never fully understood why until I researched Barley. Barley is well known for being a main ingredient in beer but not many people know it is a big staple not only in diet but in culture. Barley has been cultivated for over 8000 years and can be traced back to the Aztec culture. According to research the term “hordearii” means barley-eater. Aztec gladiators were referred to as hordeariis.…

    • 600 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Bacteria Lab Report

    • 343 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Each of extracts and theirs pure compunds will weigh out 0.035 grams and will be dissolve with the 96% of ethanol. The disk was soak into the extract and then placed on the nutrient agar prepared. Then all the petri dish are placed in the incubator. The diameter of the ring appears on the nutrient agar was measured to determine the antimicrobial activity of each plant extract after 16 to 20…

    • 343 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this lab, benzoic acid, benzocaine, and 9-fulorenone are isolated from a three-component mixture by using the acid-base extraction and other following types of various extraction techniques. An acid-base reaction is utilized in order to isolate the individual species from the mixture. First, in isolating the base benzocaine, proton transfers occurred via reaction with hydrochloric acid, which led to a significant shift in the polarity of the said compound, although the conjugate acid of benzocaine formed as a result. Due to the change in polarity, the state of benzocaine shifted from being solubilized in diethyl ether to water.…

    • 542 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory was to synthesize isopentyl acetate, commonly known as banana oil, in a reaction of methanol and isopentyl alcohol catalyzed by sulfuric acid. Through this Fischer esterification reaction, it was possible to learn about using a Reflux condenser to run a reaction as well as purifying the product through various washes and extractions along with simple distillation. In addition, the product of the experiment was carefully analyzed based upon boiling point, physical characteristics, IR and 1H NMR. The overall objective was to successfully isolate the product of isopentyl acetate and observe the purity of this product.…

    • 1346 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays