Discussion
In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that high protein meal would produce lower postprandial glucose level than high carbohydrate meal with the similar energy content. Also, the high protein meal could decrease the energy intake in ad libitum lunch meal and reduced the total daily energy intake greater than the high carbohydrate meal. The result of this present study showed that consumption of protein rich breakfast meals led to lower glucose IAUC response and reduced the subsequent energy intake in a 24-hour period compared to a high carbohydrate breakfast, but it did not affect the energy intake at subsequent ad libitum lunch meal in healthy adults.
Glucose IAUC response and 24-hour energy intake
The glucose IAUC response …show more content…
Some previous studies suggested that intake more than 30 g of the dietary protein at the high protein breakfast meal could reduce energy intake at a subsequent ad libitum lunch meal relative to the low protein breakfast meal (8, 12) . In addition, Rains et al. compared the effects of high protein breakfast meal to low protein breakfast meal in overweight premenopausal women and the result showed the energy intake at subsequent lunch was significantly lower following the higher protein breakfast meal compared with the low protein condition (9). Another study using beverages to assess the satiating effects of protein and carbohydrate rather than solid food also has shown significantly less energy intake at subsequent lunch following the protein compared to carbohydrate preload (18). Overall, those findings are so different to the present study that showed high protein breakfast meal did not affect the energy intake at the subsequent lunch compared to high carbohydrate breakfast meal. Therefore, the differences between the current results and pervious findings were possibly affected by some limitations of this …show more content…
It was because certain subjects mentioned the lunch meal that was so salty for them and made them less intake. Also, the study provided a uniform lunch meal rather than the food selection.
Another limitation is that the intervention period of the present investigation is too short, so it is possible that the significant results of the subsequent energy intake only presented in a short term intervention. However, the findings from Leidy et al. show that this may not be the case because the effects of higher protein breakfast could maintain in a seven-day intervention period and the energy intake was affected at least after a few days of the high protein breakfast consumption (12). In addition, the present study did not assess the palatability of the breakfast meal, so the differences in the physical characteristic and sensory quality of the two breakfast meals may affect the result of subsequent energy intake. It was because the texture and temperature of food would affect the consumption pattern and the rate of food consumption. Scisco JL et al. also indicated slowing bite rate could reduce the energy intake via enhancing the feeling of satiety
In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that high protein meal would produce lower postprandial glucose level than high carbohydrate meal with the similar energy content. Also, the high protein meal could decrease the energy intake in ad libitum lunch meal and reduced the total daily energy intake greater than the high carbohydrate meal. The result of this present study showed that consumption of protein rich breakfast meals led to lower glucose IAUC response and reduced the subsequent energy intake in a 24-hour period compared to a high carbohydrate breakfast, but it did not affect the energy intake at subsequent ad libitum lunch meal in healthy adults.
Glucose IAUC response and 24-hour energy intake
The glucose IAUC response …show more content…
Some previous studies suggested that intake more than 30 g of the dietary protein at the high protein breakfast meal could reduce energy intake at a subsequent ad libitum lunch meal relative to the low protein breakfast meal (8, 12) . In addition, Rains et al. compared the effects of high protein breakfast meal to low protein breakfast meal in overweight premenopausal women and the result showed the energy intake at subsequent lunch was significantly lower following the higher protein breakfast meal compared with the low protein condition (9). Another study using beverages to assess the satiating effects of protein and carbohydrate rather than solid food also has shown significantly less energy intake at subsequent lunch following the protein compared to carbohydrate preload (18). Overall, those findings are so different to the present study that showed high protein breakfast meal did not affect the energy intake at the subsequent lunch compared to high carbohydrate breakfast meal. Therefore, the differences between the current results and pervious findings were possibly affected by some limitations of this …show more content…
It was because certain subjects mentioned the lunch meal that was so salty for them and made them less intake. Also, the study provided a uniform lunch meal rather than the food selection.
Another limitation is that the intervention period of the present investigation is too short, so it is possible that the significant results of the subsequent energy intake only presented in a short term intervention. However, the findings from Leidy et al. show that this may not be the case because the effects of higher protein breakfast could maintain in a seven-day intervention period and the energy intake was affected at least after a few days of the high protein breakfast consumption (12). In addition, the present study did not assess the palatability of the breakfast meal, so the differences in the physical characteristic and sensory quality of the two breakfast meals may affect the result of subsequent energy intake. It was because the texture and temperature of food would affect the consumption pattern and the rate of food consumption. Scisco JL et al. also indicated slowing bite rate could reduce the energy intake via enhancing the feeling of satiety