2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) with molecular formula HOC6H3(NO2)2 is an organic yellow crystalline solid with sweet and musty odor. It is soluble in organic and aqueous alkaline solutions and has the ability to sublime. It is biochemically active compound and act as ionophore by shuttling the proton across mitochiondria and chloroplast membrane to dissipate heat instead of producing ATP [ Mechanism of uncoupling in mitochondria: uncouplers as ionophores for cycling cations and protons, PNAS, R J Kessler]. It is used as antiseptic and pesticide and also used for the preparation some herbicides, photographic developers and explosives.
2,4-DNP is readily absorbed by gastrointestinal and respiratory tract leading to acute and chronic toxicity. Acute …show more content…
Techniques like liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy are commonly used for detection but they are expensive and need well equipped lab to execute. Nanosensors are cutting the edges in recent nanotechnological systems being small, affoardable, sensitive, selective and accurate, quick tool in the field of detection. Generally metal oxides are mostly doped with metals for sensing feasibility as metal oxides are mostly sensitive to O2, H2O, ethanol, NO2, NH3 etc. Out of these oxides, the most common is ZnO, occurs in two crystalline forms i.e. hexagonal wurtzite and zinc bende with former being more common and stable. They are n-type and has wide band gap of 3.3eV and has wide applications in varistors, surface acoustic wave devices, transparent oxide electrode , solar cells, blue/UV light emitting devices and gas sensors like NO2 and CO in air. There are many techniques used for nanoparticles preparation like sol-gel or wet chemical process. Former technique involves hydrolysis using esterification reaction in organic medium prior to supercritical drying followed by annealing at high temperature. The technique explained may have high cost of raw materials and there are chances of cracking also due to high temperature. So wet chemical process is preferable due to its ease and comfort. In this technique, aqueous mixtures of metal salts are dissolved in surfactant followed by moderate temperature for some hours with continuous stirring in alkaline media. This technique is so simple and doesn’t need any keen attention for extra care.[ CO and NO2 Selective Monitoring by ZnO-Based Sensors Nanomaterials, Mokhtar
2,4-DNP is readily absorbed by gastrointestinal and respiratory tract leading to acute and chronic toxicity. Acute …show more content…
Techniques like liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy are commonly used for detection but they are expensive and need well equipped lab to execute. Nanosensors are cutting the edges in recent nanotechnological systems being small, affoardable, sensitive, selective and accurate, quick tool in the field of detection. Generally metal oxides are mostly doped with metals for sensing feasibility as metal oxides are mostly sensitive to O2, H2O, ethanol, NO2, NH3 etc. Out of these oxides, the most common is ZnO, occurs in two crystalline forms i.e. hexagonal wurtzite and zinc bende with former being more common and stable. They are n-type and has wide band gap of 3.3eV and has wide applications in varistors, surface acoustic wave devices, transparent oxide electrode , solar cells, blue/UV light emitting devices and gas sensors like NO2 and CO in air. There are many techniques used for nanoparticles preparation like sol-gel or wet chemical process. Former technique involves hydrolysis using esterification reaction in organic medium prior to supercritical drying followed by annealing at high temperature. The technique explained may have high cost of raw materials and there are chances of cracking also due to high temperature. So wet chemical process is preferable due to its ease and comfort. In this technique, aqueous mixtures of metal salts are dissolved in surfactant followed by moderate temperature for some hours with continuous stirring in alkaline media. This technique is so simple and doesn’t need any keen attention for extra care.[ CO and NO2 Selective Monitoring by ZnO-Based Sensors Nanomaterials, Mokhtar