1a And 1b Psychology

1) For each of the studies, how did Golub, Gilbert, and Wilson (2009) operationally define the positive expectations? How did they operationally define affect? In the laboratory studies the positive expectation were operationally defined by presenting the personality classification A to the 13 participants in both 1a and 1b. The classification was shown by the computer. In the field study the positive expectation was operationally defined by asking students to predict their grade based on how worried they were, how well they think they did, and their performance compared to other students. The laboratory studies affect was operationally defined by asking participants in both 1a and 1b to indicate on an analog scale the degree of their happiness and disappointment. These were taken after the computer classification (expectation) and the psychologist’s classification. The field study’s affect was operationally defined by emailing participants an affect scale 24 hours after exam, 72 hours before receiving grades, and 24 hours after receiving their exam scores.
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What where the dependent variable(s)? In experiment 1a and 1b the independent variables were the expectation condition (positive, negative or no expectation) and the personality classification (A, B, C). The dependent variable is the participant’s measure of happiness and disappointment in the pre-event and post event period. Study 1a and 1b had participants assigned to each condition, but 1a was given a negative classification (C), while 1b was given a positive classification (A). Their happiness and disappointment levels were measured after the computer’s classification and the psychologist’s