Important Legislation: In 1868 the 14th Amendment to the Constitution was passed, which gave rights of citizenship to people (including African Americans) at birth. The Morgan v. Virginia case in 1946 ruled that once on interstate bus and train systems, local and state legislation (such as Jim Crow laws) are no longer valid. Expanding on the Morgan v. Virginia case was the 1960 Boynton v. Virginia case that ruled that having separate facilities for interstate passengers was unconstitutional.
History of the White Vigilante Groups: The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) targeted African Americans with threats, brutality, and intimidation. The KKK believed that desegregation would lead to the impurity of the white, “superior” race. The white Citizens’ Council (WCC) considered the KKK to …show more content…
Despite not reaching projected legislative goals, the platform did successfully publicize the issue of lynching, as begun by Ida B. Wells in the 1890s. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) encouraged nonviolent protests, in response to the Sixteenth Street Church Bombing (1963) and fighting for voting rights in Selma (1965), among other instances. The ‘63 bombing was a reaction from the KKK, who feared the progress being made; however, the bombing backfired, and served as a catalyst for the passing of the voting rights act. The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), was founded by Fannie Lou Hamer, as part of the voter registration project for African Americans in the state. Hoping to gain seats at the National Democratic Convention (1964), Hamer spoke, but was unsuccessful; rather, MFDP raised awareness, and the Voting Rights Act was passed in legislation two months