Zimbabwe

Ghandi's campaign for independence went on, with his encouragement of peaceful protest and criticism of British administration and taxes. In 1921, Ghandi called for all Indians to boycott paying taxes on farming tools to the British, a strategy to have a negative effect on the economy. His non-cooperation campaign, despite its nonviolent aims, periodically became violent, and Ghandi was imprisoned in 1922 for instigating the movement. He was released two years later. The movement, however, was…

Introduction Pan-Africanism is an important concept within the theory of nationalism that was conceived of at the end of the 19th century and remains to be a vital component in a variety of ways pertaining to Africa. Pan-Africanism was a tool in the struggle against colonialism utilized by at first, members of the African Diaspora and later by people and groups within Africa in their struggle for independence. The ability of the African people to unify was seen as integral in their efforts to…

Collectivism implies that people are integrated from birth into strong, cohesive groups that protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. Hofstede found that individualistic cultures value personal time, freedom, challenge, and such extrinsic motivators as material rewards at work. In family relations, they value honesty/truth, talking things out, using guilt to achieve behavioral goals, and maintaining self-respect. Their societies and governments place individual social-economic…

Purpose – Design/Methodology/approach – Drawing on multiple case study approach, this study explores specifically four Nigerian firms from different sector to provide insight into the motivation of location path of Nigerian firms’ internationalisation process Paper type: Research Originality/Value Keywords: Internationalisation, Nigerian firms, multinational firms, internationalisation process, motivations and path Paper type Literature Review/Research paper 1. Introduction The study…

1. Introduction The study of the internationalisation process of emerging market multinationals (EMNCs) has gained prominence in the last two decades, this is as a result of the economic growth and transformation witnessed among the emerging markets (EM) in the period. The internationalisation phenomena have resulted in a surge of interest from international business (IB) scholars (Athreye & Kapur, 2009; Hoskisson, Eden, Lau, & Wright, 2000; Hoskisson, Wright, Filatotchev, & Peng, 2013;…

 What are the internationalisation patterns of outcome of SSA firm’s internationalisation? 2. Theoretical Perspectives The theories and study of multinational corporations (MNCs) evolution and internationalisation have been a prominent aspect of the international business (IB) literature for decades. To some scholars, internationalisation is the approach or steps which an organisations’ takes to engage in business activities abroad in order to build required resources and become major…

Gold margins are standardized because of adornment+ investment factor. However, quest for greater margins is driving diversification from gold jewellery products. Demand for gold jewellery remains very strong because of cultural traditions, Gold jewellery sales - for weddings, in particular - will continue to generate volume growth for jewellery retailers. Platinum and diamond jewellery sales will generate margin growth. The shift to more profitable diamond jewellery has been smooth because…

A brief discussion of some of the factors often associated with adolescent pregnancy will follow. 2.3.1 Female Gender Role Firstly, three concepts need to be defined, that is, gender; gender role and gender typing. According to Galambos (2004) the term ‘gender’ refers to characteristics learnt or acquired by either sex from their society. It is part of that by which individuals define themselves, and give meaning to their actions. Gender role on the other hand refers to appropriate behaviour for…

In addition, some of our ingredients, such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, saccharin and ascorbic acid, as well as some of the packaging containers, such as aluminum cans, are available from a limited number of suppliers, some of which are located in countries experiencing political or other risks. We cannot assure you that we and our bottling partners will be able to maintain favorable arrangements and relationships with these suppliers. The citrus industry is subject to the…