X-ray crystallography

The history of dental radiography began on November 8, 1895 with the discovery of the x-ray by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. This tremendous discovery changed the future of medical and dental professions, creating a new era for advances and improvements in the medical and dental field. Many other discoveries followed this monumental innovation, and in the late 1940 (s) MRI were discovered. The founding father of MRI is Raymond Damadian, who received a Nobel Prize in 1952. (Reference #1) During its…

Advancement in Radiation Protection: Non-Lead Apron People are exposed to radiation every day just by being alive on this earth. One receives approximately 3,000 µSv of ubiquitous background radiation a year, which means approximately 8.2 µSv per day (Howerton, Iannucci, 2012). This is known as background radiation and is caused by terrestrial, cosmic, and naturally occurring radon. On the other hand, during radiographic examination some degree of biological damage does occur during exposure,…

MRI is a unique medical practice among other imaging methods because, unlike radiographs for example x-rays and ct scans and even radioisotope studies it does not use ionising radiation to create an image of the body this is good because if it does not use ionising radiation it will not have the effects that the radiation causes to the human body. But instead of using other means such as ultrasound to create an image it uses strong magnets and radio waves to create detailed digital images of the…

CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Ultrasonography is an excellent modality for examining abdominal structures including the location and dimensions of canine kidneys (Remichi et al., 2014). It involves a non-invasive procedure for examination of kidney diseases (Sampaio and Araujo, 2002) and offers advantages over radiography as there are no side effects of radiation and contrast agents (Nyland et al., 1995). Canine kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal region of the…

Elastography is a medical imaging modality that maps the elastic properties of soft tissue. The focus is whether the tissue is hard or soft and will give diagnostic information about the presence or status of a disease. It is concerned with providing images that are related to the stiffness of the tissue. This paper will discuss about elastography and the different types as well as, the principles and components involved with elastography. Peter R. Hoskins a Caucasian, male from United Kingdom…

created and is further filled by an electron from the higher shell and thus an X-ray is emitted to balance the difference in energy between the two electrons. The detector placed on the energy dispersive spectroscope apparatus measures the number of emitted X-rays and their energies. Energy of the X-ray is characteristics of the element from which X-ray is emitted. A spectrum of the relative counts of the detected X-rays is obtained and evaluated for quantitative determinations of the elements…

class, I had never experienced getting an x-ray or any other type of radiation modality growing up. I became interested in the science and anatomy aspect of radiation sciences and also was amazed at how a machine could produce images of bones, babies in the womb, arteries, etc. I traveled to Mercy Hospital in Iowa City for my first job shadowing experience where I observed several barium studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. I also observed x-ray, CT, and MRI. Afterwards…

ultramicroscopic, neurophysiological, neyrogistohimicheskih and molecular-genetic methods of studying the structure and in vitro brain functions (in certain nerve cells in the brain tissue culture), with the introduction of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques (X-ray computed tomography - CT, magnetic resonance imaging - MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MRI - fMRI, SPECT - OFET or the SPECT, positron emission tomography - PET) in order to clearly see and quantify many…

considered a specialized modality of radiology that deals mostly with invasive image-guided procedures. With advances in technology, interventional procedures can be performed on several areas of the body with success in conjunction with using live x-rays during exams. Cerebral aneurysms often can be in susceptible areas of the brain, and usually, are considered somewhat high risk in nature. The use of endovascular coiling can prove to not only be successful, but beneficial in treatment to…

CT scanners and X-ray machines are extremely similar in relation to the absorption and display of x-rays as they are both able to display bone. However, an x-ray is usually done when dealing with bones rather than a CT scan as x-rays can detect denser materials better. When the x-ray is being done a black photographic film is placed behind the part of the body that is being scanned and when the x-ray beams hit this part of the body, the bones block the x-ray beams meaning the blocked image is…