Vascular plant

Plants have four major periods of plant evolution that are marked terrestrial adaption. First is the origin of gametangia, which protects the embryo or sperm of plant. Second is the origin of vascular tissue it conduct water and nutrients. Third is the origin of seed where the embryo is protected from desiccation and other dangers. Fourth the origin…

In accordance with Bond (1989), gymnosperm restriction to low productivity areas hinges on the idea that they have less efficient water vascular systems. Thus, they were excluded from regeneration niches ‘by default’. Pitterman et al. (2012) find support for this idea, reporting that ancient cypress conifers were not drought tolerant; tolerant clades only appeared after the Eocene. Despite…

Introduction Essential oils (EOs) are aromatic volatile liquids obtained from plant materials whether they are vascular plant or nonvascular plants including; buds, flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, wood ,roots and herbs. Citrus plants constitute one of the main essential oils sources (Burt, 2004; Hammer, 1999). They belong to Rutaceae family, which originated from tropical and subtropical south-eastern parts of the world (Sawamura, 2010). Citrus species were cultivated in China long…

grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria (Barata et al. 2012). Similar to other plants grapes also have to deal with the two major microbial, fungi and bacteria. These microorganisms play a major role in grape's ecology. Fungi and bacteria can help grape plants however, it can be pathogenic and can cause diseases. Grapes can be attacked…

Studies have determined that the plant has a level of protein and digestibility equal to the Leucaena. It has a high protein and its use for low forage species and growth especially in heavy soils is recommended. The dry matter production is about 7.6 ton/ha/cut, in Hawaii can produce up to 23 ton/ha/cut and in Australia up to 70 ton/ha/ year. Hawaii plants are mechanically cut to a height of 5 to 7.5 cm. ground. Cutting intervals 91 days to obtain…

problems and they are herein called “problem ferns”. Pteridium aquilinum (bracken fern) is one of the problem ferns which cause the greatest range of problems on ecology and human welfare. Bracken fern has been described as one of the five most common plants on earth, the most locally intensive and globally extensive. It is a ubiquitous fern belonging to the phylum Pteridophyta and to the family Dennstaedtiaceae. In India it is found on exposed grassy lands in hills. It is an ornamental,…

Plants gain a lot of nutrients in their daily lives. They get it mostly from water and also the soil. Water is a molecule made up of the following atoms, Hydrogen and Oxygen. In this molecule the electrons are not shared equally between these atoms. Electrons are negatively charged so if they spend more time around an atom the atom becomes negative. The electrons turn Oxygen negative because they spend more time together. The reason for the electrons to be around Oxygen is because Oxygen has…

every living cell has water in it. Every living cell in surrounded by fluids. Water dissolves more substances then any other liquid. The ions dissolved in water are needed by organisms for growth and to manufacture various body substances. Every organism must keep it internal body fluids in balance in order to survive. Water uptake must balance water loss. Water- roots and root hair absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Roots are long and have a large surface area. Roots have thousand of root…

Robert Brown Biology is a very broad topic and many scientists have contributed to the biology world. In this paper I will be talking about one of those people who had a major contribution to the science community. “Robert Brown was born on December 21, 1773 in Montrose Scotland. He died on June 10, 1858 at the age of 84 in London England” (Britannica 1). Robert Brown most recognized by how he described the “cell nuclei and the continuous motion of minute particles in solution, which came to…

This paper will focus on creating a foot check program in the hemodialysis unit at the Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center. The prevalence of foot wounds among the veterans has increased over the last six months due to poor foot care practices. Without a program in place to educate, assess and intervene, foot complications will continue. According to Crozier, (2014) patients on hemodialysis have a high prevalence of foot related issues resulting in an increased number of…