Urology

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Of Study Oral health is a state of being free from infectious or disease and it has a profound effect on general health (Kiyoshi-Teo & Blegen,2015). According to Pettit, McCann, Schneiderman, Farren & Campbell (2012), there is association between chronic oral infection with the heart and lung disease. Patient with underlying disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is higher risk of aspiration of contaminated respiratory if oral care…

Disorders of sexual development (DSD) have been a topic of great interest as of late. Intersex, at its most basic definition, is when one does not ‘fit’ into the binary gender structure most commonly subscribed to in Western civilization; or, rather, having a variation of sexual characteristics or a combination other than the more common female to XX and male to XY. Research shows that 1.7% of the population has a DSD, considering the current population of the U.S., that would be approximately…

Introduction: Kidney stones are an extremely basic urinary issue. Also known as renal calculi, kidney stones are characterized by their high occurrence and a high repeat rate. This issue results from the arrangement of insoluble salt stores in the urinary tract and inside the kidney. The rate of this issue has expanded in the course of recent years for reasons that are not entirely known, but have caught the consideration of numerous scientists. There are different types of kidney stones, each…

Mayo-Clinic is a not-for-profit medical group practice founded by William and Charles Mayo. As stated in our article, “They provide medical care while leading the nation in many specialties such as cancer, heart disease, respiratory disorders, and urology.” Their three major campuses are located in Rochester, MN, Scottsdale, AZ, and Jacksonville, FL. Their mission, “to inspire…

Topic thing Hospitals are large facilities and require a lot of people to work in them. They need physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and many other doctors that specialize in areas. Another type of person hospitals need are volunteers. Even though volunteers don’t have degrees, they still are able to work in places in the hospitals. The volunteers are able to work wherever in the hospital they desire, as long as space allows it. I was interested in volunteering at a hospital because even…

A hot and controvertial topic in the medical field is the use of robots in surgical procedures. A large contribution to its popularity are due to some fallacies pre established by society, other "educated" arguments look at technical aspects of the robots. Quite a few of the controversies revolve around the topic of labor and how humans with families will benefit, other controversies evaluate the effectiveness and necessity of an autonomous surgery. Lastly there are simply personal questions…

Cancer Cancer, is the leading cause of mortality in the world with approximately 14 million new cases reported each year and 8.2 million cancer related deaths according to the report by the World Health Organizations (2014). This paper is aimed at highlighting the case for Cancer by defining it, detailing the causes, symptoms, and the testing process, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods. Cancer is a term referring to a variety of diseases that are characterized by the rapid and…

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death amongst men in the United States. One in six men is estimated to be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point in their lives. Similar trends are found worldwide to mirror those of the United States. However, the progression of prostate cancer is typically slow and does not metastasize all that often. Due to this, treatments can typically be life saving and prostate cancer deaths have declined ~35% from 1997 to 2007. This can…

testosterone that has a very important role in the well being of male bodies. Hypogonadism, commonly known as low testosterone or ‘low T’ is a common yet worrying complication in men. Yes, the level of testosterone naturally declines with age. According to Urology Care Foundation, men lose 20% and 30% of their testosterone level at the age of 60 and 70 respectively. But problem begins when men start to lose their testosterone level prior to that age. 2 Why men should worry about their…

To begin, a little history lesson on the development of this magical drug may be helpful. As early as 1895, the bacteria Clostridium Botulinum, was identified. In the 1920’s Botulinum Toxin Type A was isolated in a purified form. In 1946, the purified Botulinum Toxin Type A was transformed into a crystalline form so that further research of the molecule could be studied. In the 1950’s it was discovered that when the Botulinum Toxin Type A was injected into a hyperactive muscle it blocked the…