Urethra

These “calculi” deposits can be found in the kidney, bladder or urethra and may cause difficulty urinating. Besides the formation of stones, sludge also may form, most commonly in the bladder, which is an excess of calcium that has not formed into stones. A sludge deposit results in thicker, discolored urine, the urine may appear white or grey. According to Ms. Brown, some rabbits may get stones, others may have sludge and some may have neither and the reasoning behind sludge not turning into stones is unknown. Even though excess calcium can lead to urolithiasis and sludge there are also several other factors that can cause either to form such as, genetics, inactivity, previous or on going kidney and/or bladder disease and low water intake. Thus, it is very important to contact a local veterinarian to provide…

or UTIs, effect many people at least once during their lifetime; however, UTIs primarily effect women. To begin, a Urinary Tract Infection is an infection of the urethra, bladder, or kidneys and can be caused by several different types of bacteria, by far the most common being Escherichia coli, or in other terms E. coli (Djordjevic). More times than not, the E. coli bacteria is able to get to the urethra from the anus through poor hygiene (Wexler), spreading through sexual activity, and can even…

or the urethra, but if the infection spreads, the kidney can suffer damages as well. Women are more likely to develop cystitis than men are but men can get it also. To diagnose cystitis doctors will ask the patients a list of questions regarding their symptoms and do a urinalysis and or a urine culture. A urinalysis is done to look for white blood cells, red blood cells, bacteria, and to check for certain chemicals such as nitrites in the urine. A urine culture is a clean catch urine sample…

2013). Fish must maintain their internal environment at a constant concentration of water and dissolved substances, like salts (Weitzman, 2013). Proper balance of a fish’s internal environment (homeostasis) is largely maintained by the excretory system, particularly the kidney (Weitzman, 2013). The urinary system in humans consists of the kidneys, the ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra (Taylor, 2015). The kidneys function to filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine (Taylor,…

It drains the bladder and is removed after being used. An indwelling catheter stays in the bladder. Most of them are inserted through the urethra and into the bladder as well. Urine is constantly draining into a drainage bag. A balloon near the tip of the catheter is inflated after it is inserted – this balloon prevents the catheter from falling out of the bladder. A suprapubic catheter is surgically inserted through the abdomen above the pubic bone and into the bladder. It is also left in the…

unclear to rule out alternative disorders. Your doctor will typically order a urine analysis with microscopy to evaluate for signs of infection such as white cells, red cells, high protein, positive nitrite, and positive leucocyte esterase. They will also obtain a urine culture to evaluate for bacterial growth if your urinalysis is consistent with infection. Your doctor may also request a postvoid residual – during this test, a radiology technician will typically measure the urinary volume…

“Please wipe from front to back (Weydt, 2010)”. During UTIs, urinary tract infections, bacteria enters your body through the urethra. When these bacteria or pathogens enter the body they may cause infections, especially in hospital settings. The urinary system is used for our body to produce urine as a way to help our system to get rid of waste and extra water that we do not need. It travels through a urinary tract that includes the kidneys, ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are…

is the puboperinealis. Puboperinealis originates from the pubis, borders the prostatourethral junction and attaches at the perineal body (Myers et al., 2000). A voluntary contraction of puborectalis and puboperinealis will result in the urethra being pulled forward and upward. This closes the urethra and prevents the flow of urine (Walz et al., 2010). Thus, an important action of the levator ani is to maintain continence in men and is responsible for the fast-stop mechanism during micturition…

ovulation problems, tubal blockage, pelvic inflammatory disease, old age, disease of the uterine, endometriosis and the advancement of maternal age (Sengupta et al, 2015). In males, the primary cause of infertility is low semen quality. Infertility has a significant psychological impact on the body that include psychological disparity, loneliness and stigmatization, and a constant disruption in the transition to adulthood (Krohmer, 2004). In some cases, it might lead to sexual…

The doctor should also discuss the probable risks with the patient. 2. If, after cystoscopy, this patient had complained of lower abdominal pain and had developed a temperature, what would you suspect and what would you do? Cystoscopy is a type of examination that permits the doctor to look at the inner sides of the bladder using a thin tool termed a cystoscope. The cystoscope has been put into the patient’s urethra and gradually introduced into the bladder. Cystoscopy lets the doctor see…