Type I and type II errors

For instance when testing the null hypothesis H0: the performance of male students in science and mathematics is similar to that of female students, a researcher might reject the null when it is true. In this case, the researcher would conclude that the performance of male students in science and mathematics is different from that of female students while it is false. Type II Error Type II error is an error that arises when a researcher accepts a false null hypothesis. For instance, in testing the null hypothesis H0: the rate of unemployment in country A is the same as that in country B, a researcher would accept H0 when it is false. Instead, the researcher would have rejected the null and accepted the alternative H1: the rate of unemployment in country A is greater than that in country…

L. (2013). A phenomenological study of falling out of romantic love. The Qualitative Report, 18, 1-22. There wasn’t a particular question that the author of this article addressed but after reading this article I find that the main question of this article revolves around “What is the core process and reasoning of people falling out of love, when it seems “so right” from the beginning and after such a long time”? The qualitative model of data collection and analysis was a very small sample…

both the identity and transcriptional level of: 1) each coding gene; 2) non-coding RNA genes; 3) miRNA transcripts; and 4) previously known and novel gene-fusion events. To select transcripts for further study, stringent statistical analysis will be used to examine the RNASeq data to identify transcripts that are differentially expressed between samples. Differential expression of top outliner candidate transcripts will be validated with alternative methods of RT-PCR, western blot, mQDL, or…

Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus. The illness can range from mild to severe, and can infect people of all ages, races, genders, and sizes. Generally, the illness is not life threatening in most people, but certain groups are at higher risk of requiring hospitalization or even dying from influenza. These at-risk groups of people include young children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. The CDC estimated that there were “25…

There is a great need for a practicable systematic screening test with high sensitivity in order to reduce the missing cases of CH specialy in preterm infants. Evidently pre-term and low birth weight infants require special cares and follow ups.10,11.In this review we try to sytematiclly review previous works in this field and provide a comprehensive protocol for screening of these high risk neonates. Up to this date, a few approaches have been introduced in order to reach this goal. One is…

diagnostic tests. However, only the SLUMS test is able to identify the mild neurocognitive disorder (MNCD). I have not used the SLUMS screening tool however I am receptive to apply it to some of my geriatric acute care patients since it is quick and easy to administer; in addition, the screening test is similar to the orientation questions in the general physical therapy initial evaluation form except for the math computation and brief storytelling…

(HELP) is an organization that helps prevent delirium in hospitalized older people. The program uses four components to help reduce the number of delirium; “protocols targeting risk factors, the use of trained HELP volunteers, and is patient-friendly. HELP uses diagnostics tools, such as the 3D-CAM and the CAM-ICU to help detect delirium. According to the study, with the assistance of HELP has shown to decrease the “absolute rate of delirium by 14.4% with a risk reduction of 35.3%” as well as…

The National Health Service breast screening programme (NHSBSP) was introduced in 1988 with the aim to decrease the incidence and mortality rate of breast cancer (1). Mammography is the primary diagnostic tool of the NHSBP and is offered to women every 3 years (2). Originally screening was available to woman aged 50-64, this was extended to 50-70 in 2003. In England a further extension to the screening age is being rolled out (47-73, (1). The extension of the effective age bracket makes …

population Salkind (2014). It determines whether a sample can represent a population. The information provided by the one sample z-test gives enough information to make a conclusion of the sample group to the larger group. The z-test is an inferential test. The z-test is used to calculate a z value or the obtained value, which is then compared to a critical value. The information found from the z-test can help decide whether the averages of the sample and population are similar or different.…

Morrison (2012) explains that nurses have specialised knowledge to gather comprehensive physical assessments and differential diagnoses. Evidence-based practice utilises the best available evidence and clinician expertise to formulise an evidence based decision (Bickley, 2013). This essay will analyse the diagnostic reasoning behind decisions made in the diagnosis of a client. A brief diagnosis and pathophysiology will be explained, followed by the client’s health history, physical examination…