Thymine

Daniel Huang Chapter 9 1. Mutations can be very negative in that it can cause cancer in somatic cells. However it is important to note that mutations will also lead to variability which is beneficial to us. Mutations in intergenic DNA affects regulations of protein products which is actually less detrimental than mutations in exons which code for the proteins. 2. Transition is the error that causes the base to change from a purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine. Transverses are base…

Lesson 5: Structures, Functions and Roles of Biological Molecules and Enzyme Activity in Metabolism Biological Molecules/Macromolecules Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis. They manufacture mainly carbohydrates (glucose) as a source of food of many higher organisms in the food chain. It is one of the many biological molecules present in plants and needed by animals. Biological molecules are macromolecules composed of many monomers (polymer) connected through a covalent bond…

-The nucleus is removed because the nucleus contains the majority of the genetic information (DNA). -DNA has a double helix structure and it is made from many nucleotides -Nucleotides are made from a nitrogen base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, or Thymine), a phosphate group, and a deoxyribose. -The DNA is stored in the nucleus as chromatin, but during cell division the DNA stored as chromatin condense into chromosomes. -The DNA initially condenses into chromatin when it is wrapped around…

After proper research, DNA and the Gene are two quite similar things. Each person contains this in their body. DNA can be found in mostly any part of the body, it could also be found in plants and other species. DNA and the gene are just part of the most important things that we have in our living system because this is what makes us look like our relatives. DNA is part of living things and if someone looks like their parent this is because they have the same Genes. Every living organism…

Summary: All biological molecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A carbohydrate (C,H,O) is a biological molecule consisting of hydrogen , carbon, and oxygen atoms exclusively. They are the building blocks for polysaccharides, larger more complex carbohydrates. An example of a carbohydrate is glucose (the energy source for plants). Carbohydrates are the source of short term energy in organisms. Proteins (C,H,O,N) are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen on a base level. Proteins…

give to their child. Therefore, as Michael Phelps grows and builds, the DNA given from each of his parents is continually replicating to make new, identical DNA inside his body. The bases inside the double helix (DNA strand) have specific matches, Thymine with Adenine, Guanine with Cytosine. However, the base pairs are sequenced differently in each individual human being. Consequently, Michael Phelps’ DNA strands, which make him have his long arms and strong torso, contrast deeply from the DNA…

540 base pairs and 70% was the G+C content (3). The high G+C percentage indicates that the bacterium is very stable. This is because guanine and cytosine form 3 hydrogen bonds with each other, compared to 2 hydrogen bonds formed between adenine and thymine. So it takes more energy to denature a…

structure) of the DNA. The DNA had been discovered in the late 1800s, but Watson and Crick determine the genetic inheritance which contain human genes. These two researchers found that DNA consists of four elements known as Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine and that DNA replicated itself. In 1961, Nirenberg and Matthaei worked on encoding the genetic code. In 1972, Berg discovered the molecular cloning of DNA and in 1977, Sanger provide information of the sequence of the nucleotides. In…

There is a deletion of 50 amino acids in the Lamin A protein while Lamin C remains the same. These two proteins are key components of the nuclear laminae and play a role in determining the shape of a cell’s nucleus. The substitution of cytosine for thymine makes an additional point mutation. The abnormal LMNA protein (progerin) makes the nuclear envelope unstable which results in progressive damage to the nucleus. This causes a cell to die…

confirmed that DNA was the carrier of hereditary information. Alexander Todd, an organic chemist, confirmed that the backbone of DNA contained repeating sugar and phosphate groups. Erwin Chargaff discovered that the nitrogenous bases adenine and thymine appeared in a 1:1 ratio, along with guanine and cytosine. Maurice Wilkins and Rosaline Franklin had proposed the corkscrew like shape of DNA when viewing X-ray images of DNA. Linus Pauling had even gone so far as to suggest his own 3-stranded…