Thoracic vertebrae

On 3/26/18 I met Ms. Black at the office of Dr. Sardelli. She reports that her shoulder is still painful; she cannot fully extend her elbow or rotate from side to side. She reports pain to the inner aspect of the elbow. Her 4th and 5th fingers cannot open fully or close fully. There continues to be a pain in the inner elbow. She is still working with the hand therapist. Dr. Sardelli said that while she was in the hospital he did do a manipulation under sedation of the right shoulder. Today he…

reach along with altered versions show validity for evaluating hamstring flexibility. However, they do not show a correlation to the assessment of lumbar flexibility. Nevertheless, within this article, they discussed how the hip joint, lumbar and thoracic spine contribute to the overall performance of Sit and Reach. This test was performed on 195 Brazilian boys ages 18 to 19. All individuals volunteered, weighed 152.02 ± 22.46 lbs. and had an average height of 69.29 ± 2.76 inches. The tests…

This is a 32-year-old male with a 7/3/2014 date of injury, due to a MVA. DIAGNOSIS; Cervical spin e S/S, Lumbar spine S/S, Left shoulder S/S 12/08/15 progress note describes that the patient complains of neck pain at a 6/10-scale level; low back pain at a 6-7/10-scale level, which radiates to the right leg; left shoulder pain at a 4/10-scale level, which radiates to the left arm; and sleep problems. PE revealed slight to moderate spasticity and tenderness over the para-cervical muscles. ROM of…

This is a 45-year-old male with a 2-20-2015 date of injury. A specific mechanism of injury has not been described. DIAGNOSIS: Sprain of joints and ligaments of unspecified parts of neck, initial encounter 01/11/16 Progress Report describes that 15 minutes were spent in review of the results from the urinary drug screen, which was administered at the previous visit and deciding whether any modifications are appropriate to the treatment regimen. The pain is better and down to a 3/10. The neck…

This is a 59-year-old female with a 7/29/2009 date of injury, due to a slip and fall. DIAGNOSIS: Cervicalgia; C4-7 anterior cervical decompression and fusion 2014; Lumbar/cervical disc degeneration. 12/15/15 Progress Report described that the patient has significant neck pain radiating to he right upper extremity with weakness and increased elbow pain. She still continues to have severe back pain. She still has lower back pain and occasional lower extremity pain. She gets some pain relief…

The human vertebral column consists of 33 vertebrae, classified into five different regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal, with 7, 12, 5, 5, and 3-4 vertebrae in each region respectively (see Fig.1). While they are counted as separate bones, it should be noted that the sacral vertebrae are fused into a single bone (the sacrum) to maximise spinal stability and strength for weight-bearing. It is also not uncommon for the coccygeal vertebrae to fuse into a single coccyx bone…

Case study This case study is going to describe the details of a chest examination undertaken on a 36 year old man who was involved in a road traffic collision (RTC) from the emergency department. The request card for the examination had the following clinical details: 'Cyclist involved in RTC, query pneumothorax'. Pneumothorax is a condition whereby the pleural cavity holds an accumulation of air resulting in the collapse of the lungs due to the pressure exerted on the lungs by the air…

Method. This works in our favor, because the vertebrae method is less likely to be accurate with a deceased individual. This is due to the lack of cartilage between the vertebrae. These assessments use the length of the long bones and the leg bones and inserts them into specific formulae based on sex and ancestry. Due to the ambiguous nature of skeleton number…

Introduction The thoracic cavity has complex networks of lymphatics which have a fundamental immunological function protecting intrathoracic organs such as the lungs, pleura, oesophagus and mediastinum. These networks drain interstitial fluid from the lungs, chyle from the gastrointestinal tract, and white blood cells and other immune components (Brotons et al., 2012). Thoracic lymphatics are involved in several diseases that most thoracic surgeons are concerned about. The most important…

Understanding the anatomical map of structures such as the phrenic nerve is vital for medical treatments. G.S. Muller Botha mapped the phrenic nerve and described her findings in The Anatomy of the Phrenic Nerve Termination and the Motor Innervation of the Diaphragm. Sleep apnea is a common disorder caused by under stimulation of the diaphragm from the phrenic nerve, O. Oldenburg and team described alternative treatments for the apnea in Effects of unilateral phrenic nerve stimulation on tidal…