Thermodynamic system

Thermal effect results from the change in the heat capacity of the gases in the combustion chamber. It is worth mentioning that EGR contains water and CO2 which have higher specific heat capacity than air. The change in absorbing heat is proportional to the added mass, to the heat capacity at constant pressure and to the difference in temperature between the EGR and the combustion temperature. ΔQ=Δm*Cp*(Tcom-Tegr) The change in specific heat capacity results from charge dilution and represents…

Microwave (MW) assisted Esterification of Benzoic Acid (BA) offers the advantage of transformation of energy and heating throughout the volume efficiently in a shorter period and eliminates the use of excess solvent, during the course of reaction. The present study aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of methyl benzoate compounds by esterification of benzoic acid using microwave irradiation. Effects of operating parameters such as reaction time, feed composition,…

While there are many types of plastics manufacturing systems [12], four of the most common are extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and thermoforming. Together with roto- molding, these five plastics conversion processes accounted for sales in the United States of over 94 billion dollars in 2007 [13];…

3.3.2. Initial and Boundary Conditions. The pipe is subject to atmospheric pressure Po at time zero this represented initial condition . Boundary condition represented as at the pipe inlet profiles, uniform pressure Pinlet and its value change with concentration of nanofluid [φ%] and inlet temperature T0 = 60 ºC can be measured for all experimental . On the pipe wall, the pressure was atmospheric pressure Po . Moreover, flow and thermal fields are assumed symmetrical with respect to…

Kate Byrne DT299/4 CHEM 4128 Applied Physical & Analytical Chemistry Assignment Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated Techniques The term “hyphenated technique” was introduced by Hirschfeld in 1980. It refers to the combination of a chromatographic separation technique and a spectroscopic detection technique to form a new, more efficent instrument. The technique which will be discussed in this case is LC-MS. The aim of combining both techniques is to purify and…

3. Results and Discussion 3.1. Temperature dependence of D.C. Electrical Resistivity The temperature dependence of the D.C. electrical resistivity of all the samples of Co-Cr ferrite system was studied using two probe method in the temperature range of 200-7000C. The resistivity of the prepared samples was calculated using the relation 1. From fig. 1 and 4, it is clear that the resistivity decreases with increasing temperature ensuring the semiconducting nature of the prepared spinel ferrites…

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FRICTION WELDED AND ELECTRON BEAM WELDED JOINTS MADE BY 20VNiMoCr120 STEEL Gabriela IANCULESCU*, Lucia Violeta MELNIC, Marian Andrei GURĂU Ovidius University of Constanta Abstract: In the paper there are presented experimental results concerning mechanical characteristics of friction-welded joints in comparison with electron beam welded joints, made by 20VNiMoCr120 heat-resistant steel, which are part of some elements working at high pressure and temperature. The paper…

1. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the experiment are: • Measurement of creep deformation in 2 materials; lead and polypropylene at room temperature. • Determine how creep deformation of chosen materials can be affected by stress. • Recognise that the two classes of materials show differences in creep behaviour. • Awareness of creep as a design consideration. 2. THEORY 2.1 Introduction Structural materials are often placed in service under a certain applied load at elevated temperatures (eg. wind…

preparation method followed 7 3. Application of Nanofluids: 8 3.1 Heat transfer Intensification 8 3.2 Electronic Applications 8 3.3 Transportation 10 3.4 Industrial cooling applications 11 3.5 Heating buildings and reducing pollution 11 3.6 Nuclear systems cooling 12 3.7 Space and Defense 12 3.8 Mass transfer enhancement 12 4. Energy applications: 13 4.1 Energy storage 13 4.2 Solar absorption 14 4.3 Friction reduction 14…

Challenges of fossil fuels 1. Not renewable energy Fossil fuels comprise of crude oil, coal and natural gas. It is not renewable and cannot be replaced. Plants and animals that existed millions of years ago became buried underneath the Earth’s surface. This formed as the fossil fuels. Since fossil fuels has limited supply, it can’t fulfil the world’s energy demand. Therefore, alternative energy source is needed to replace the fossil fuels. 2. Emission of carbon dioxide Combustion of fossil…