Thalamus

Comparing Biological and Sociological Theories in Regards to Criminology There are two popular schools of thought in regards to the deviation of humans from social norms, biological and sociological. Biological theories focus on the mind as the center of the personality and the major determinant in controlling human behavior. Sociological theories analyze social structure and the interaction of social processes as they affect socialization and the impact they have on social life (behavior).…

above the medulla and contains nuclei that control sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder function, equilibrium, eye movement, facial expressions, and posture (Siegel and Sapru 2010). The pons relays sensory information to the cerebellum and to the thalamus. The pons regulates breathing through particular nuclei that regulate the breathing center of the medulla oblongata (New World Encylopedia, 2014). The cerebellum plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved in some…

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used to treat a variety of disabling neurological symptoms, most commonly symptoms, of Parkinson’s disease. This specific procedure is used to treat individuals whose symptoms cannot be controlled my medication alone (Breit et al, 2004). DBS uses a surgically implanted, battery-operated medical device called an implantable pulse generator (IPG) to deliver electrical stimulation to specific areas in the brain that control movement, thus…

Forebrain made up of a pair of large cerebral hemispheres also known as the telecephalon and a set of structures sit deep in the cerebellum called diencephalon. Diencephalon includes the thalamus, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), hypothalamus, and posterior lobe of the pituitary. Thalamus allows all the sensory inputs (except for olfactory nerve) to go through to the somatic sensory regions of the cerebral cortex. LGN allows the signals to go from the optic nerve to process and going…

The direct pathway originates in the cortex, projecting to the striatum of the BG which consists of the caudate and putamen nuclei.1,2 The striatum projects to and inhibits the GPi which has tonic inhibitory connections to the VA/VL nuclei of the thalamus and finally back to the motor and premotor cortex.1 Activation of the direct pathway initiates voluntary movement, by releasing upper motor neurons in the cortex from inhibition.1,2 The globus pallidus, internal and…

The cerebrum divides into two more sections the telencephalon and diencephalon , which is mainly made up of thalamus and hypothalamus and the telencephalon is made up of a cortex, subcortical fibres and the basal nuclei. moving on the second structural division of the brain is the brain stream the oldest part of the brain which is in control of primary instincts…

Phineas Gage Investigators have considered the cerebrum for a significant long time to find the exact part of the brain in scholarly limits. Phineas P Gage, a railroad improvement expert got a traumatic personality change, which gives learning into accurately how a Traumatic Brain Damage (TBI) affects scholarly limits. Phineas Gage's incident uncovered basic information about how the brain settings support mental limit when a (TBI) happens. A couple structures shape the cerebrum, which accept a…

What exactly is fear? Sure, everyone had been afraid at one point or another. It could be over little things, like a test that wasn’t studied for or when the light flickers for no reason before turning back on again. It could also be over larger things, like a sudden noise in the dark or right before the roller coaster goes down the first drop. When most people think of fear, the quick pulse, sweaty palms, and the adrenalin rush usually come to mind. These are all things that are classified as…

Although Fatal Familial Insomnia has not been given much attention directly, prion diseases in a whole have been studied by a number of different research centers. Since FFI is, in fact, a prion disease, the research being done could aid in finding a cure for patients. Research groups including, but not limited to, UCSF, MRC, Alberta, Case Western, and Rocky Mountain Labs, have spent great amounts of time to try and study the causes, effects, and cures of prion diseases. Currently, research has…

motor cortex area to have decrease activity because of the increase inhibition from the thalamus causing decrease activity to the lateral corticalspinal and rubrospinal tracts. The result of this change is impairment of voluntary movement creating symptoms of such as akinesia and bradykinesia. The next part of the motor loop to be affected is the increase inhibition pedunculopontine nucleus causing disinhibition of the reticulospinal tract causing rigidity of postural and girdle…