Squamous cell carcinoma

1. Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) can be ranked as the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide (1,2). Every year, there are more than 550,000 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers worldwide and around 300,000 related deaths (3). Squamous cell carcinomas represent 90% of cases and mostly arise from the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. SCCHN can be divided into three stages: early stage (I/II), locally advanced stage (III/IV) and recurrent or metastatic disease (4). At the time of diagnosis, only one-third of patients present with early-stage disease. This group of patients has a favorable prognosis and can often be treated by single modality therapy (radiotherapy or surgery) with cure rates of more than 90% for stage I and 70% for stage II (5,6,7). Unfortunately, the remaining two-thirds that represent the majority of cases present with locally advanced (LA) disease either stage III or IV (without distant metastasis) (8).…

Squamous cell carcinoma is characterized as uncontrolled growths located in the very thin, flattened cells in the epidermis. SCC can range from open sores to warts in terms of identification. It is mainly caused by "cumulative UV exposure over the course of a lifetime" (Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), 2012), tanning beds with their intense UV lights can also lead to squamous cell carcinoma. Prevention of squamous cell carcinoma is common with other type of skin cancer; cover up when outside,…

Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma In 2011, an estimated 1300 new cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed in Canada, with about 350 deaths stated by the Canadian Cancer Society (as cited in CMAJ, 2013). Cervical cancer is a disease that can be very serious. It is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. To properly care for these patient’s nurses should have a strong knowledge and understanding about the pathophysiology, risk factors, stages, treatments, and nursing…

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is a challenging oncology problem. A reliable biomarker for invasion and metastasis in oral cancer patients remains to be more clarified. β-catenin acts as a structural protein at cell-cell adherence junctions and as a transcription activator mediating Wnt signal transduction. Altered β-catenin expression has been associated with loss of cell differentiation and acquisition of an invasive phenotype. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is an…

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNCCC) is the sixth most common cancer known worldwide with an incidence of 0.5 million new cases diagnosed annually, around half of these cases are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Jithesh et al., 2013). Though numerous risk factors have been implicated in the development of OSCC , the most important are tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and betel-quid chewing (Petti et al., 2013). Evidences suggested that viruses are involved in oral…

Squamous cell carcinomas of the lungs, head and neck, esophagus, and cervix account for over 400,000 deaths per year. Finding a way to effectively treat this type of cancer is very important for the well being of people. In this primary research article, the authors attempt to find a mechanism by which squamous cell carcinoma proliferation and invasion are inhibited. They use the cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1), which is a tumor suppressor, to show that it is possible to prevent squamous cell…

different types of cancer such as, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Squamous cell Carcinoma, and Melanoma. Skin cancer is the number one cancer diagnosis in the United States. The most basic definition of skin cancer is “the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells” (“Skin Cancer Foundation”). When discussing skin cancer, it is necessary to mention each cancer individually, as they are not all the same. For instance, Basal cell Carcinoma is the appearance of “abnormal, uncontrolled growths or lesions”…

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most type of skin cancer, and is commonly caused by regular exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Squamous cell carcinoma is a slow-growing skin cancer, but it can spread to the tissues, bones, and lymph nodes where it can be hard to treat. Some factors make it more likely to develop squamous cell carcinoma including exposure to ultraviolet radiation, Bowen’s disease, and having a lighter skin complexion. More exposure to ultraviolet radiation whether it…

skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells .it is the most common form of cancer and it accounts for at least half of all cancers .In fact, It is especially common among people with light skin .Also, It occurs when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells which is the largest organ in our bodies. most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine and tanning beds triggers mutations, or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors.…

laying in the sand enjoying the warmth of the sun on our skin or getting a tan at the nearest tanning booth, we are actually damaging our skin. Whenever skin is exposed to the sun or any other type of UV radiation, there is an increased risk of developing skin cancer. Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells, and is surprisingly very common in the world today. According to the American Melanoma Foundation more than 1 million cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the United States every…