Spleen

pt’s ultrasound) and ascites (pt currently has). When blood flow is obstructed through the portal vein, the following increase in pressure in the splenic vein causes an enlarged spleen and increased rate to blood cell destruction → thrombocytopenia anemia → more platelets removed from circulation and sequestered in the spleen → impaired clot formation → esophageal bleeding. In ascites, there is an accumulation of protein rich fluid in the abdominal cavity. Though portal hypertension is the…

The Lymphatic system consists of the tonsils, lymphatic vessels, the thymus, lymph nodes, and the spleen, and its functions include immunity, lipid absorption, and tissue fluid recovery (Saladin, Sullivan, & Gan, 2015). The lymphatic system consists of 6 main types of lymphatic cells: B Lymphocytes (B Cells), Dendritic Cells, Macrophages, Natural Killer (NK) Cells, Reticular Cells, and T Lymphocytes (T Cells). The unique function of each cell is briefly described below. B Lymphocytes (B Cells):…

In the first infected group of mice, after a month, the mice were killed and the CD4+ T cells were purified from the spleen to be sequenced. They extracted the DNA using the MasterPureTM DNA purification kit and then subjected the CCR5 ZFN binding site to PCR amplification for 25 cycles. After PCR amplification and gel purification the sequence was subject to a modified Surveyor nuclease assay to determine CCR5 disruption frequency. Surveyor nuclease assays are used to detect single base…

Mononucleosis is caused by the EBV. According to the EBV is a member of the herpes virus family and is one of the most common viruses to infect humans around the world. The virus is spread through direct contact with saliva from the mouth of an infected person and cannot be spread through blood contact. You can be exposed to the virus by a cough or sneeze, by kissing, or by sharing food or drinks with someone who has mono. It usually takes four to eight weeks for symptoms to develop after you’re…

cytometry and the results showed that in normal chickens, this organ was predominantly occupied by B lymphocytes while the T lymphocyte and macrophage populations were at minimal cell numbers. Different from the cell population changes in chicken spleen upon NDV infection where CD4+ and CD8+ cells declined in their cell numbers…

Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C1) Chromosome 18, one of the 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs, has about 78 million DNA base pairs and represents approximately 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. It is also estimated to contain 200 to 300 genes. (Chromosome 18) A mutation in the chromosome can lead to a mutation of the genes located there. An example of this is 18q deletion syndrome caused by a deletion of genetic material from the long (q) arm of chromosome 18. The symptoms of…

Thalassemia is known to be an inherited genetic blood disorder that results in mild to severe anemia due to the abnormal formation of hemoglobin. Thalassemia is inherited by either one or both parents. A mutation in either chromosome 11 (Deisserot et al, 1978) effect the synthesis of beta hemoglobin, whereas a mutation on chromosome 16 affect the synthesis of alpha hemoglobin(Deisserot et al, 1977). Hemoglobin is a tetramer made of two alpha chains and two beta chains (Cao et al, 2010). The…

To what extent does Hydroxyurea work to treat Sickle Cell Anaemia? Problem: Suffering From Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell anaemia is a severe hereditary disease when there is an inadequate amount of erythrocytes (red blood cells) or haemoglobin in the erythrocytes. Haemoglobin beta alongside alpha globin makes haemoglobin which contains 146 amino acids. Haemoglobin beta makes up 98% of the total haemoglobin, whilst alpha globin makes the remaining 2%. Haemoglobin beta protein is produced by…

Severe illness with chest pain , fever ,and difficult breathing can be caused by sickle red blood cells in the lungs .Liver , Spleen , Kidneys ,Heart and Bones can also be caused by Sickle Cell Disease. Even within the dame family the severity and symptoms vary greatly from person to person . When examined under a microscope from a…

immune system. Diseases can also be the result of Improper functioning of one or more of the components of the affected immune system. In addition to lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, the immune system is composed of bone marrow, tonsils, thymus and spleen. If the lymphatic system did not function properly the following would happen • Inflammation of lymph nodes • An abscess usually forms in the nodal tissue if lymphatic is prolonged. • Narrow red streaks can be seen through the skin extending…