Spectroscopy

Hooge’s relationship is an empirical relationship based on a large collection of data obtained for flicker noise in semiconductors and metal films. According to this model, the PSD of flicker noise is given by, S(f) = γHV 2 Ncf α Where Nc = ncΩ is the number of free charge carriers in the specimen,nc is the charge carrier density and Ω is the volume of specimen.γH is the Hooges constant, a parameter which characterizes the noise levels of a particular system. The initial value of gamma is…

Introduction: Limonene is a terpene that can be isolated from orange peels almost 100% in the (R)-(+)-limonene form. The essential oil from the orange peel belongs to terpenes, which are compounds that are made up of two or more five carbon units, named isoprene.1 The limonene is a monoterpene, which means it is made up of two isoprene units. Natural products are related compounds formally derived from isoprene units are terpenoids.3 The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity…

To begin the experiment, the Spec 20 was turned on to warm up for 15 minutes and set to maximum absorbance wavelength. Ten test tubes were then prepared. The Spec 20 was set to 0% and a test tube of blank solution (water) was wiped off and placed into the Spec 20. Transmittance was then set to 100% to calibrate the machine. Next, five test tubes were prepared and labeled with one of the standard solutions of 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, and 0.5 M CuSO4 in them. The Spec 20 was set to 600 nm and %…

Introduction: The goal of this lab was for students to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to find the absorbance of four known copper (II) sulfate solutions, four copper (II) sulfate solutions that were created by dilution, and one unknown copper (II) sulfate solution. The purpose of this experiment was to help students learn how to use the Spec-20, learn about the relationship between absorbance and concentration known as the Beer- Lambert law and see the relationship between moles, volume…

Introduction Quantum dots (Q-Dots) is very small semiconductor particles that means it can be either conductors or resist electricity depending on the temperature and purity of the semiconductor. Q-dots range in size from 2-10 nm, so because of their small size, quantum mechanics governs the physics of the particles. The synthesis Q-Dots were first studied in 1982 by Efros and Ekimov, and then many developments have reported the synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles.1 Q-Dots have unique…

Wow, was day one or Thursday a crazy day. I’m not even sure where to start!!! When I came up onto the floor; the floor seemed very busy. This was due to the three floor being closed. Unfortunately, my nurse couldn’t give me report and was very busy putting in orders. So I took the time to look at the patient medical record but I feel like there is never time to know everything I want about our patients. As soon as I was done with that I found out that I had a ton of piggy backs for my one…

principle of nephelometer compare the light scattered due to contamination with the light scattering from a standard reference suspension. The result of the measurement is expressed as nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy - Atomic spectroscopy is a tool to find minute concentration of…

1. INTRODUCTION Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is an effective method of analyzing the intricate electrical resistance of a process and it is sensitive to surface phenomena and changes in the bulk properties. Thus it plays a major role in electrochemical research. It has been diligently used for the interpretation of corrosion mechanisms and in the characterisation of charge transport over the membrane. In the area of biosensors, it is especially appropriate for the detection of…

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging can be used to investigate, noninvasively, a wide range of biological processes in systems as diverse as protein solutions, single cells, isolated perfused organs, and tissues in vivo. It is also possible to combine different NMR techniques enabling metabolic, anatomical, and physiological information to be obtained in the same experiment. This review provides a simple overview of the basic principles of NMR and outlines both the…

centrifuged and filtered through 0.45 µm filter, diluted suitably and analysed using UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Systronics, India) at λmax of 227nm. All observations were done in triplicate. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was performed to characterize and investigate the interaction between levofloxacin and coformers stearic acid and saccharin sodium used. The FTIR spectra for pure levofloxacin, stearic acid, sodium saccharin, L-ST1 and…