Skull and Bones

The position of the foramen magnum, the length of the leg, the shape of the spine and pelvis are four of the seven steps of bipedality. The position of the foramen magnum is located in the bottom of the skull, near the teeth in humans, and in the rear area for apes. This distinguish humans and apes because it demonstrates that the human head sits on the body rather than on the front of the body, like apes. The shape of the spine is s-shaped for humans and c-shaped for apes. Specifically, in…

considerations of a patient with raised intracranial pressure due to traumatic brain injury will be discussed. The CT scan results reported that Oliver has a skull fracture and intracranial haematoma. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause damage to the skull and brain tissue. Primary injury occurs on the time of impact, which includes a fracture in the skull, brain tissue lacerations and rupture of vessels. The secondary injury may later on manifest and are the result of the primary injury,…

An Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) can be described simply as a tight rubber band ball of abnormal blood vessels with weak walls. These can be located anywhere in the body. Arteries carry blood containing oxygen from the heart to the brain. An AVM bypasses normal brain tissue and directs blood from the arteries to the veins without a capillary bed in between. Brain AVM’s occur in less than one percent of the population (per 100,000 people) and are more common in males than females. Being…

from the spine of the scapula. There is deltoid tuberosity of the humerus bone. Arm abduction; flexibility of anterior fibers and rotation of the arm medially; extension of the posterior…

Concussions are one of the worst injuries a person can sustain because they affect one of the most vital parts of the body; the brain. Marcos A. Abreu, Wirt Edwards, and Brandon D. Spradley, doctoral student and United States Sports Academy professors, define a concussion in their article “The War Against Concussions” as “a traumatically induced transient disturbance of brain function” (Abreu, Edwards, and Spradley, 2). The issue with concussions is largely about knowing the signs and symptoms,…

Coelacanths can grow up to 2 m in length. Their bodies are covered in blue scales, which turn brown after death, with a white speckling that is unique to each individual. Their seven fins have fleshy lobes and they move their two paired sets of fins (pectoral and pelvic) in a diagonally synchronous manner like a four-limbed terrestrial animal. Unlike all other vertebrates, coelacanths possess an intracranial joint and an associated basicranial muscle. The purpose of this structure is disputed,…

Morphology is the study of the structure and form of organisms. Six skulls were looked at to be determined identified using morphological characteristics. This can determine the genus and species and time the hominid was likely alive. It can also help anthropologists know more about what the living conditions were like in the time that that species was alive. Traits like a sagittal keel or large molars can show that the food that that species consumed was likely tough and required a lot of…

Concussion is an injury associated with sports and is most often identified with football, ice hockey, boxing and martial arts. There is different levels of concussion or traumatic brain injury (TBI), including mild, moderate, and severe. Large numbers of athletes participate in these sports; youth, high school, collegiate, professional. Concussion is an injury that results from a wide variety of mechanisms and ages, levels ranging from a simple daze to the inability of doing daily activities.…

Artificial cranial deformation—or the practice of intentionally altering the shape of a person’s skull—has been practiced by Neanderthals about 40,000 years ago until very recently, maybe even still today. People on every continent except Antarctica have done it, making heads more cylindrical, cone-shaped, and ridge, bumpier or flat depending on the area. (Romero, et al 2010: 2-5) This paper argues that Mayans practiced cranial deformation to show an association with a particular social group.…

after his death. A concussion is an injury to the brain. It can be caused by a blow to the head, or any movement that shakes the brain inside the skull. The brain is a soft organ surrounded by spinal fluid and protected by a hard skull. Normally the fluid acts like a cushion for the brain, but if the blow is hard enough, the brain can crash into the skull and be damaged. Some common symptoms that you could experience after having a concussion would be headaches, blurred vision, and sensitivity…