Signal transduction

Drive-by shootings, prostitution, rape, vandalism, and drug trafficking all sound like acts that would committed by hardened adult criminals. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Juvenile gang members are committing these terrifying acts as early as eight years of age (Bartollas & Miller, 2014). Between 1988 and the early 1990s, a drastic increase in youth gang membership occurred and is still on the rise today in the United States (Bartollas & Miller, 2014). There are several…

Sherman Alexie 's "The Joy of Reading and Writing: Superman and Me" is a personal narrative in which he recounts his early life and how he started to appreciate reading. As he shares his experience with us, he weaves into his story a powerful truth about our society. Even though we refuse to admit it, we have certain expectations of different communities. In his essay, he focuses precisely on what it meant for him to grow up as an Indian child in an American society. By discussing the obstacles…

collective group before attacking one of their own because he was a rat. As you can see, without shouting across the street to your comrade and alerting the enemy, you do a single hand signal and they know what you want to do and can get prepared. It is an intelligent way to send messages to others. There are also hand signals to say what gang you are, but the most creative way is body art. Tattoos are done worldwide, but with gangs you can ink your gang, where you were recruited, and even if…

Sometimes forgiveness is a hard concept for people to grasp and others forgive too easily, but when do we know when to forgive or whom we should forgive? What happens when we do not forgive? In “The Powwow at the End of the World,” Sherman Alexie experienced several mishaps in his reservation and even the surrounding areas, for example, the water levels were raising, the dams were breaking, and the cities and towns were flooding. Even though all of those events were happening, Alexie was told to…

In the YouTube video called “PEN Banned Books Week Google Hangout on the Air with Sherman Alexie,” PEN representative Deji Olukotun and American Library Association Office Director Barbara Jones interview Sherman Alexie. This video highlights authors whose books have been banned; therefore, Sherman Alexie is a guest for this interview. Olukotun and Jones ask him a series of questions about his novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. In the interview, there are three intriguing…

In Sherman Alexie’s Story, This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona, Victor is a complex character in ways. On the outside he is more closed off and and tries to act “normal” and that he is above others who aren’t in that definition of normal. But on the inside he knows that he shouldn’t be like that. He holds regret for treating Thomas Builds-the-fire the way he does growing up. They were friends when they were younger, but by their teenage years Victor had drifted away. One night, “when…

The story, Superman and Me, by Sherman Alexie, is about a Indian boy who enjoys reading and writing as much as his father. But, in the reservation where his family lives reading and writing is very rare for these Indian boys to know. He was scared he would be called dumb and unintelligent like his fellow friends. So, he dedicates a lot of time and ends up visiting reservations to help teach Indian boys. One specific quote in this text conveys Sherman’s thoughts and claims of the central idea.…

People express themselves in a variety of different ways; whether it is through clothing, music, dance, writing or art, these forms of self-expression allow individuals to convey feelings to others. Specifically, the use of writing and art to express one’s self has been prevalent in society for centuries and is commonly conducted through graffiti. Its origins lie with our ancestors who lived during the ice age; cavemen. Modern sociologists and archeologists suggest that prehistoric graffiti…

Around May 1970 intelligence analysts detected the presence of Prisoners of War (POW) at Son Tay. On November 20th 1970 Son Tay POW camp was raided. No POWs were found at Son Tay. In the span of seven months, intelligence failed to detect the transfer of Son Tay POW’s. The Son Tay raid is regarded as a tactical success, and has largely been analyzed from a tactical standpoint. Analysis of the intellectual failure is necessary. Even in the modern era POWs still exist and rescue attempts are still…

When many think of the NSA’s data collection programs, the first thought is of whistleblower Edward Snowden, who leaked classified American documents in 2013. These documents revealed to Americans the ways the NSA collected their information for investigation. The agency was found wrongfully collecting information from other countries such as China to investigate previous attacks on the U.S. Department of Defense (Cate 31). Domestically, one of the biggest things Americans learned about was…