Sensitivity and specificity

Sensitivity is defined as the tests ability to identify all the true positives, and specificity is defined as the tests ability to identify all the true negatives(Lalkhen & McCluskey, 2008). Research on the sensitivity and specificity of acoustic reflexes in detecting acoustic neuroma has been proven to be poor at the frequency of 1000 Hz and would need an acoustic…

Pneumocystis pneumonia represents a potentially life-threatening infection caused by a fungal microorganism Pneumocystis jiroveci. Initially observed in premature and malnourished infants, Pneumocystis pneumonia is today one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in adults infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As nonspecific symptoms are often hindering timely diagnosis, one of the most important diagnostic tools for Pneumocystis pneumonia is a high level of clinical…

Cardiac transplantation has emerged as an effective treatment modality for patients with end stage heart disease. According to the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, it has been estimated that more than 5,000 heart transplants are performed every year worldwide(1). The Heart and Stroke Statistics 2012 update by American Heart Association estimated that about 2333 cardiac transplantation procedures were performed in 2010 in the United States alone(2). Cardiac allograft…

Fibroadenomas are considered a common cause of discrete breast masses in young women. The diagnosis of these changes is based on the clinically relevant trinity of manual examination, imaging methods and non-surgical biopsy (which is sometimes also known as the triple test). Total diagnostic efficacy of the aforementioned three modalities is between 70% and 80%, although they can distinguish between benign and malignant lesions with 95% accuracy rate. Generally there is an agreement that…

It was recorded that 12 out of 35 patients, suffered from extrahepatic tumour. This was revealed by PET/CT combined and by CT scan single-handedly. The extrahepatic tumours in two of the patients were not detected by PET and PET/CT; those were recorded to have node of 2 –cm lymph in the hepatoduodenal ligament. It is furthermore, true that both forms of the scans (CT and PET/CT) reported extrahepatic tumour in patients that did not have it at all. The CT scan reported it in 3 out of 23 patients,…

Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy over a range of possible liver attenuation diagnostic threshold, L-S attenuation diagnostic threshold or combined. The maximal overall accuracy value was chosen. Presence of focal fat sparing was evaluated efficacy for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis by calculating sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. To evaluate the…

for detection of small lesions of the ureter or renal pelvis. The IVP has a higher sensitivity and specificity than an abdominal plain film for the detection of stones and provides data about the degree of obstruction. The IVP can also visualize both the bladder and the upper urinary tracts. It was previously the diagnostic procedure of choice, but is no longer because of potential contrast reactions, lower sensitivity, and higher radiation exposure. In-patient in whom the ureter or renal pelvis…

conventional PCR performed using the outer primers F3 and B3 detected the genomic DNA of M. eumusae only up to 1000 ρg/µl concentration by producing an amplicon size of 200 bp in agarose gel electrophoresis (Fig.4b). Thus, it can be inferred that the sensitivity of LAMP method was 100 fold higher than that of the conventional…

A study was conducted at Towson University (TU) to investigate the effectiveness of college hearing screenings, notice hearing loss patterns among students, and propose ways to improve the program overall (Taylor & Emanuel, 2013). In 2013, the Journal of the American Academy of Audiology published a study titled, “Assessment of the Efficacy of a Hearing Screening Program for College Students.” The Speech-Language-Hearing Center (SLHC) at TU conducts hearing screenings for college students as a…

This is not happen in our study due to using selenium and vitamin E. This because selenium and vitamin E inhibit protein kinase and AKT, which leads to decrease the expression of NF-ĸB and VEGF, So they can decrease gemcitabine resistance and increase its apoptotic effect and also, inhibit metastasis post-RFA (Li et al., 1998; Curley et al., 1999; Gopalakrishna & Gundimeda, 2002; Vivanco & Sawyers, 2002; Yang et al., 2005; Meng et al., 2007) . HCC patients treated with RFA plus selenium and…