Secondary forest

When a community reach its climax, it meant that the community has maintain a relative constant composition of species diversity and composition. (pg. 1222) F. What is ecological succession? Ecological succession is a series of progressive changes in the species that make up a community over time. There are two types of succession; primary and secondary succession. (pg. 1223) In primary succession, newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living things for the first time. In secondary succession, an area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, and then re-colonized following the disturbance. (Khan Academy) G. Is there agreement about the concept of ecosystem climax. Explain your answer Climax communities undergo changes in structure because of birth, death and growth processes in the community. The debate among ecologist begins on what originates and controls their composition. There are three theories that try to explain this, the monoclimax theory, the polyclimax theory and the climax pattern…

0Chapter four Discussion: 4.1 Point Counts By restraining the recording of species to a 10- 50m fixed radius when in dense forest at kamwala 1 forest, it allows the subtraction the certain bias, such as, the highly vocal forest species; White bellied Go Away bird and Tropical Bulbul, as well as those species which ‘generally’ occur above the canopy (for example; forest raptors). The most widespread species to occur across all the count areas (map 1) were Common Bulbul, Orange ground thrush…

of general disruption of a forest ecosystem that occurs when trees are cut on a large scale. It also refers to any process that alters an original tree covers, which includes felling of all trees on a site, thinning a forest and setting bush on fire. Trees are cut down by people for various reasons, for example trees are cut down to be used or sold as fuel in the form of charcoal and sometimes it can be used as pastures for livestock , building of houses and settlements etc. The removal of…

Benefits of Natural Forest Fires to Forest Ecology Introduction Since its discovery, fire has fascinated man with its potential. Fire provides light and heat and while it destroys some things that come in contact with it, it is also capable of metamorphosing other things for the overall benefit of life. Natural fires are a routine occurrence in forested areas, especially during hot and dry weather conditions or due to lightning strikes. In the summer of 1988, for example, 42 instances of…

managing the forests due to the 'demand-offer ' market rules, communities, such as people living in the region, lack the opportunity for decision-making. Despite the various initiatives of governments and non-governmental agencies the difference between the market and non-market values has not been yet clearly recognised and the rapid deforestation continues. This essay will discuss the commercial and non-commercial values of rainforests, communities impact on its declination, environmental…

deforestation putting an end to many of the most unique animals on the planet. Chile has over 80 percent of their natural forest wiped out. Due to the demand for wooded products many large companies have wiped out native forest area and even planted non-native trees, which now dominate throughout the country. In this paper I will bring to the forefront the major impacts that deforestation has on Chiles’ environment and animals living in the Valdivian Coastal Reserve, which is part of the worlds…

cause a canopy opening in the forests, this is a part of the recycling process, but this is actually hurting the population of Coquí according to the Forest Ecology and Management. It is hurting the Coquí because it is removing the habit in which its food source resides. Which if you remove part of the food source it is clear that the population of Coquí will decrease because there is a demand for food, but less of it causing some of the Coquí not to have enough food to survive. Making it so…

William’s article discussed the misconception that deforestation is a recent occurrence, and that it has been gaining momentum in the tropical forest regions of the world since approximately the 1950’s (Williams, 2001). The writer would continue to compare the amount of damage to the environment over the centuries due to the effects of deforestation. Chopping down trees is part of an age-old human quest for shelter, food, and warmth; Trees provide wood for construction, shelter, and the making…

Wildfires Wildfires are one of the top disasters out west of the United States. Wildfires are a event in which a fire is spread over a forest or brush. In some cases these can be tiny little fires, therefore; easy to put out. But when most people think of Wildfires they think of the giant fires out west, the fires that are on the news and can be burning for several days in a row. A fire that broke out in 2013 in the Arizona area was able to be seen on google maps satellite footage. These fires…

Natural vegetation comprises the forest, shrub and grasses, and is determined by the climactic conditions and soil types. The climate of Pakistan is too dry for forests, except in the northern hilly and sub mountain belts. Soil formation and hill slopes is a requirement for forest growth, but human practices in these areas have contributed to erosion, rather than to soil formation. The country like Pakistan should have 20-25% under the forest. Pakistan has only about 4% area under the forest.…