Rupture of membranes

The sodium-potassium pumps is a plasma membrane transport protein and serve to push an ion into a cell against its concentration gradient. This type of action is known as active transport because it needs the energy to be able to move the ions against their concentration gradient. Generally, the solutes being pushed in or out of a cell will go from a low concentration gradient to a high concentration gradient. The sodium-potassium pump is crucial to kidney function, nerve signaling, and heart…

I. Introduction Action potentials are generated as a result of a neuron’s membrane reaching a specific threshold. In order to reach this threshold, a cell must depolarize. Typically, cells depolarize with the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. During the rising phase of the action potential, these channels allow positive sodium ions to flow into the cell in what is called the depolarization phase. The flow of these ions into the cell is often referred to as the sodium current. Once the…

Objectives Objective 1: Develop a cell line expressing the duck viperin. In order to develop an avian model that is able to express the duck viperin with an advantage of stable and homogeneous expression, duck viperin with and without the C-terminal V5 tag was previously cloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1/Hygro+. Then, with the use of lipofectamine 2000, I stably transfected an empty vector and duck viperin tagged or untagged into DF-1 cells. In order to get a monoclonal…

she received when she was sixteen. While assessing the scalp there are no bumps, bruises or lesions seen, the hair is brown, free of dandruff, long, thick and evenly distributed. Ears are symmetrical and free of ear wax bilaterally. Both tympanic membranes are pearly gray with no redness or drainage noted. No complaints of ringing in the ears or previous ear infections. Hearing is tested in both ears per the whisper test which is equal bilaterally. Eyebrows evenly distributed. No tenderness or…

One of the viruses that extend in massive areas of the world, and compel the scientists to look again for this virus is a ZIKA virus. As a result of the rapid prevalence of a ZIKA virus in Asia, Africa and America, it classifies now as an emerging virus, on the other hand, the lack of biological research leads to Increasing the cases of ZIKV in the world. This project sheds light on the mystery novel that allows ZIKV invasion and infection the host cells. A penetration process of ZIKA virus…

glucose, starch and water. However, starch was unable to pass through the membrane due to it being too large. This is where it does not fully resemble a cell membrane because it can not transform and undergo things such as endocytosis to allow all the molecules to pass through. Conclusion This lab provided a good perspective of the movement of molecules diffusing and going through osmosis into a cell. The ability of the cell membrane to be selective was illustrated by it not allowing all the…

When there are genetic mutations that affect the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the outcome. CF was recently linked to CFTR defects, which is a major gene, found on the seventh chromosome. Cystic Fibrosis is not only the most common disease among those of Caucasian decent, but it also happens to be the most deadly inherited disease that affects more often Caucasian Americans. In the United States one in twenty among Caucasians are…

making proteins which produces energy by the devouring of glucose. The most interesting part of the cell, because of its complexity, would have to be the plasma membrane. Not only is it selectively permeable, but it protects the cell too. The membrane keeps the shape of the cell; some even consider it the skin of the cell. The plasma membrane does many things, but the main thing is it allows the diffusion of molecules.…

ways that it allows molecules and ions to cross its membrane, including bulk transport, osmosis, passive transport, and active transport. The purpose of the cell membrane is to protect the cell and only allow specific substances to cross the membrane, such as amino acids or water. Lipids hold the membrane together, along with proteins and carbohydrates. These lipids are saturated or unsaturated, and have a hydrophilic head. The tails hold the membrane together due to their fear of water.…

Tetrahymena contractions with different solutions Purpose: How fast will the Tetrahymena contractile vacuole contract in different solutions? Introduction: In this experiment, the organism that is used are the Tetrahymena. The Tetrahymena has a contractile vacuole that protects them from absorbing too much water, causing cytolysis, in which a cell swells up and could result in explosion of the cell. The contractile vacuole expands when water enters it and contracts to release water to maintain…