RNA polymerase

GENE REGULATION: Gene regulation is the method of limiting the genes in the cell’s DNA, which are expressed. It is utilize to form a functional manufacture for an example protein. Various cells in a multi cellular organism might express very difficult group of genes. Although, they consist the similar DNA. Human having over ten thousands of genes in their genome. Cells are expressed the all genes. Even an organism as simple as bacterium must carefully regulate gene expression. Ensuring that the…

DNA unwinds and unzips leaving the base pairs exposed. Helicase is used in this reaction- the enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases. Activated RNA nucleotides then bind with the complementary base pairs exposed where A binds with U, G binds with C- the enzyme which catalyses the reaction is RNA Polymerase. The final mRNA strand which is produced is complementary to the original DNA strand. The mRNA is free to leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attach…

A eukaryote is a single-celled or multicellular organism that contains a membrane bound nucleus. A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that entraps the DNA unlike the prokaryotic cell that lets it be free. A prokaryote is also known as bacteria. The DNA roams freely inside of the cell. Eukaryotic cells are large meanwhile prokaryotic cells are much smaller. There are many differences about the prokaryotes and eukaryotes cells. The DNA replication of a eukaryotic cell would be two chains held together…

As aware of by most, one of the leading diseases that is causing a threat to our society currently is cancer. The prevalence of this disease is overwhelming and the treatment is possible; however, there is still need for further investigation into the cause of this disease before ¬¬¬¬¬it is thoroughly understood. Through increasing research there has been a connection made that cancer is the result of cells that continually replicate and causes for neoplasm to develop at an alarming rate (2).…

It is beyond a doubt that the founding fathers could ever conceive an American society like the one we are living in today. The discovery of the structure of DNA marks a significant landmark in medical history. This has open the doors to a new realm that deepen our understanding of biological systems and promises a future that once was an abstract idea in science fiction novels. A challenge that my generation is facing is answering whether genetic modifications are ethical. Despite the…

Nucleoli are comprised of DNA, RNA, and proteins and disappear during prophase of cell division only to reassemble during telophase [5]. In addition, nucleoli consist of two separate parts: the granular component and the fibrillar component. The fibrillar component contains a large quantity of RNA polymerase I, which transcribes ribosomal RNA, and the granular component is where the later stages of ribosome production take place [5]. Besides…

DNA purification: To get pure DNA to use, a silica membrane was used to collect the long DNA strands. We started by adding 5 volumes of PB buffer to 1 volume of each PCR reaction. We put column and the silica wafers into tubs and pipetted the DNA samples onto the wafers. We centrifuged the tubes for a minute and disposed of the waste. After that we pipetted 0.75 ml of buffer PE to the samples and spun it for another minute then disposed of the waste. The columns were added to the tubes and spun…

The ribosome reads information along the mRNA and brings the amino acid together with help from transfer RNA. Transfer RNA has a cloverleaf shape with base-paired arms and an attached anticodon sequence. At the bottom of the tRNA there is an anticodon that pairs with a codon on mRNA. A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides. Codons are read, in order, by tRNA,…

process. Once the DNA opens forming an open complex from there a lagging strand will develop along the 3’ template strand due to the polarity and orientation of the strands. A leading strand will emerge and DNA polymerase enlists nucleotides to pair with the exposed DNA template while RNA primer provides a 5’ end for nucleotides to pair with on the laggings strand. This continues until all the DNA is replicated, once the DNA is copied over what exists are tandem repeats called concatemers. To…

Antisense RNA molecules that target Htt mRNA have been known to impair the translation of the gene sequence into the protein in vitro. However, the process of designing an siRNA which would target the mutant CAG repeat does inevitably result in degradation of normal…