Reaction

performed in order to demonstrate the principles of nitration through electrophilic aromatic substitution. It also examined the effects of bromine on an aromatic ring, ortho-para vs. meso directing. The second experiment was performed to compare the reaction rates of electrophilic aromatic bromination with different arenes. Data and Results In the gas chromatogram, there are two large peaks. The first peak at 0.653 minutes with an area of 133,352 uV per second, 31.95% of the total area. The…

are catalysts that contain proteins. Catalysts are the part of the product that speeds up a reaction. Only reactions can occur when the right enzyme ends up finds the right material to produce a process. A low pH is a good environment for an enzyme as well as a low temperature. After the reaction, no enzymes are used up. They can be used again and again in reactions, once an enzyme is used in one reaction, it can be used in another. Enzymes are made up of proteins and proteins are made of of…

In the scientific world, there is a significant difference between calculated values and values measured in investigations. Percentage Yield is the ratio, between masses, of the actual yield to the theoretical yield. The actual yield is the amount or mass of product actually collected during an experiment or industrial process, while the theoretical yield is the amount or mass of product predicted based on the stoichiometry of the chemical equation. In order to calculate the theoretical yield,…

030 Abstract In order to turn hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen by using enzyme called a catalyst. To determine the effects of temperature and substrate concentrations we preformed an experiment testing the effects on the catalyst enzyme reaction. The hypothesis for our first experiment was if the substrate concentration is larger than the catalyst enzymes activity will be faster as well. The result followed suit with our first experiment and supported our hypothesis. The hypothesis for…

with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of the liquid supercooled solution into solid crystalline formation produces heat in an exothermic reaction, hence the name hot ice. Enthalpy (ΔH) if negative indicates an exothermic reaction. ΔH = energy used in bond breaking reactions − energy released…

peroxidase was standardized at 0.5ml, 1.0ml, and 2.0ml to determine the amount of extract needed for testing, which was one milliliter. The spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance in the guaiacol dye to determine the rate of reaction. The…

biological catalysts that increases the rate of chemical reactions (JRank Articles). With the use of enzymes it can accelerate certain reaction rates at a faster past then if the reaction was moving at it natural speed (JRank Articles). The activity of enzymes are control by many things like environment, inhibitors, and regulatory binding sites that happens on the enzyme(JRank Articles).The overall reaction in the natural setting which was the basic reaction in this experiment was in a time…

measured in this experiment to be able to visualize how temperature in the environment and in the body can manipulate the rate of enzyme activity. Enzymes are protein catalysts that lower the amount of activation energy required to start a biochemical reaction. According to Dr. Meyertholen (2015), enzymes are structured to work with certain substrates, meaning that the structure determines the function of the enzyme. If the enzymes shape is altered, they become denatured. Denaturation of an…

There are several different reactions that can be utilized in order to end with a product that includes the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds, however for this experiment the reaction that was utilized is aldol condensation. An aldol condensation is when an enolizable aldehyde or ketone undergoes a reaction, in the presence of a base or acid, and gives a beta unsaturated ketone or aldehyde (Utah Valley University, 2009). This type of reaction can also add carbonyls to a compound, using similar…

The Effect of Decreased Amounts of DOPA on the Production of Dopachrome Intro Enzymes are a catalyst, typically a protein, that affects the rate of a chemical reaction. They allow these complex reactions to occur at a low temperature with less energy usage. In enzyme-catalyzed reactions, a substrate, the substance to be acted upon, binds to the active site on an enzyme to form the product. The active site is the only part of the enzyme that reacts with the substrate. For the substrate to become…