Raï

Question 1 According to Mrs Brown’s clinical manifestations it can be diagnosed that she has pulmonary oedema. Congestive heart failure happens when the heart is unable to pump blood productively causing the backup of blood, which increases the blood pressure and causes fluids to collect in the alveoli in the lungs which leads to pulmonary oedema. According to the clinical manifestations Mrs Brown had an increased heart rate of 120 beats/minute, the increased heart rate is the heart beating…

High blood pressure increases mean arterial pressure, which could damage arteries and lead to further complications to organs if left untreated. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood pressure and is stimulated in response to hypotension. The kidneys release renin into the bloodstream that combines with angiotensinogen, which is released from the liver. This process produces angiotensin I. Angiotensin I combines…

ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY – Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is currently recognized as the preferred nomenclature for the clinical disorder formerly called Acute Renal Failure(ARF).This transition in terminology was meant to emphasize that the spectrum of the disease is much broader than a subset of patients who experience failure and require dialysis support .This nomenclature explains that renal failure occur as a continuum 1. AKIN recently defined AKI as “ functional or structural abnormalities or…

prevent progression from one stage to the next. However, in cases of CRS the outcomes for these patients are very poor due to one disease process exacerbating the progression of the other (Shiba & Shimokawa, 2011). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) amplification resulting in the initiation of oxidases by angiotensin II (AT-II) in either the kidneys or the heart, aggravates inflammation in the other (Bock & Gottlieb,…

It has been already stated that the definite causes of essential hypertension (which accounts for 95% of conditions) are not known, but it is associated with a number of factors that might increase that patients probability of developing hypertension like, age, obesity, insulin resistance (diabetes), high alcohol intake, high salt intake (especially in salt-sensitive patients), and sometimes sedentary life style, stress, low potassium and calcium intake can cause hypertension, also, high blood…

the adrenal cortex and activates retention of sodium, which increases the fluid volume, which consequently increases the blood pressure (Dhillon S., 2013, p.1452). During heart failure there is a decrease in the profusion to peripheral tissues. The RAAS thinks it is helping by increasing blood pressure, when actually it is making the situation…

Insulin resistance can cause extremely detrimental effects on cardiac contractility by decreasing the body’s ability to supply ATP. Once again, this can lead to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. This heart failure will lead to the activation of RAAS which will perpetuate the cyclical problem. Between the mechanical and the neurohumoral issues seen with systolic ventricular dysfunction, one can see how each system and mechanism feeds the other. Hypertension from an unhealthy life style can…

Visit Maldives for a romantically magical honeymoon. June is one of the most popular months for weddings. Named after the Goddess Juno, protector of women in all aspects of their lives, but especially in marriage and childbearing, it is believed that to get married in June is auspicious. However the case, and whenever you choose to get married, your honeymoon destination is among the vital decisions that you and your partner make. After the long months of preparing for the wedding, deciding…

This lab included various experiments that demonstrated how renal system responses and reacts when subjects consuming different types of fluids. Respective fluid volumes are based on each subject’s body mass. Based on each subject’s body mass, after converted from pounds to kilograms, every subjects has different volume and fluids for ingestion. For the control subject, she ingested no fluid throughout entire lab which represented the conditions of normal fluid. For the hypotonic subjects, she…

From a global perspective, cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in most populations 1. In the UK, CVD produces tremendous strain on the NHS and has compelling consequences upon patients, resources and the economic status of health services. Whilst Cancer has recently overtaken cardiovascular disease in leading causes of death in the UK, CVD has not been trailing in terms of mortality, with 28% of deaths in men and 26% in women according to the British Heart…