Phenols

monoterpene phenol and isomer of carvacrol. Thyme is a labiatae plant which essential oil has demonstrated antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiinflamatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties. [29, 30] Up to this various workers uses essential oil (Carvacrol and thymol) as core material in microencapsulation process using various shells like alginate, [15] Ca- alginate hydrogel, [31]…

This test is designed to tell whether or not an organism can ferment glucose, reduce sulfur, and produce gas. The semi-solid, slant TSI test starts out as a burnt orange color and also contains phenol red, which is a pH indicator. When glucose is fermented, the solution becomes acidic, causing the TSI tube to turn orange. If the organism is unable to ferment glucose, the amino acids that are present in the TSI tube are fermented, causing the tube…

Observe Ligand Protein Interaction using Gel Filtration (Phenol Red Binding to Serum Albumin) Introduction: Serum albumin is often known as blood albumin, it is the most abundant plasma protein in humans and other mammals. Serum albumin is essential for maintaining the osmotic pressure that is needed for distribution of body fluids between body tissues and intravascular compartments. It is also a carrier protein by non specifically binding several biomolecules. Ligand is a molecule can bind…

aspirin. The sulfuric acid is used to protonate oxygen atom of a carbonyl group of salicylic acid. 2. What would happen if the sulfuric acid were left out? Removal of catalytic acid from the reaction would slow down or not proceed at all because the phenol group on salicylic acid is not strong nucleophile. And it requires an acid substrate to activate the reaction. 4. What is the equation for the decomposition reaction that can occur with aspirin? 6. A student performed the…

These two steps were already carried out and 4 amino-phenol was the amine used in the first part of this experiment. 4 amino phenol and acetic anhydride undergo a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction. A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step process when reactant molecules change in their geometry in order to produce new products. This occurs due to omission or addition of reagents, where bonds are broken down to form new ones4. 4 amino-phenol contains two functional groups, an OH and a NH2…

identify what type of bacteria it is. The biochemical tests are quick and easy way to identify bacteria because it reduces the number of possible species present very quickly. Some of the biochemical tests that are in the tube are Phenol Red Dextrose, Phenol Red Lactose, Phenol Red Sucrose, and Simmons Citrate. If the color of the tubes change than that is an indicator of the presence of bacteria. Another type of biochemical test is the EMB, Starch, and Mannitol Salt. On the starch plate you…

Chapter 01: Introduction 1.1. Xenobiotics The term xenobiotic is derived from Greek words, “xenos”, meaning strange or foreign, and “bios”, meaning life. Thus xenobiotics are exogenous chemicals which includes natural and synthetic chemicals. These can be pesticides, chemical vapors from automobiles, industrial chemicals, plastics, secondary plant metabolites, toxins produced by plants, molds and animals, food additives etc. Xenobiotics are considered as pollutants, but all the pollutants are…

During the phase and process of the bacterial unknown project, vast amounts of test were performed in order to determine an unknown species of bacteria. Within the many procedures of identifying the unknown bacteria, I was first given a tube with the unknown bacteria, from which later on I started subcultures by streaking bacteria from the original tube onto a tryptic soy agar (TSA) slant. Throughout the process of identifying the unknown, new subcultures were produced in order to use the newest…

Potassium Permanganate Test: 1. Three drops of the compound to be tested are dissolved in 2 ml of water or aqueous ethanol. 2% KMnO4 solution (a purple solution) is added drop wise and the solution is shaken. 2. The purple color of the KMnO4 solution disappears and a precipitate of MnO2 is formed. A negative test is if there no precipitate. 3. Repeat for every unknown and record observations. Observations and Results Water Solubility Test: When the test was conducted and observations were made,…

glycosides and phenol in the leaf extract while tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrate, saponins, glycosides, phenol and terpenoid in the stem bark . The presence of secondary metabolites in plants, produce some biological activity in man and animals and it is responsible for their use as herbs5 and therefore explains…