Pepsin

Both genes involved in the creation of the Enviropig come from two very different sources. The first gene was taken from the bacteria Escherichia Coli and codes for that’s species ability to create phytase. Phytase is an enzyme that allows for the breakdown and digestion of phytic acid, an indigestible form of phosphorous found in grains. The second gene was taken from mice and promotes the continuous secretion of proteins in the salivary glands. By combining the two genes together successfully…

The body and roles of the organ systems are interlinked; together they work in maintaining homeostasis. In the event of arduous or prolonged exercise, such as running a marathon. The body’s systems such as the, digestive, musculoskeletal, respiratory and circulatory, must work together to meet the demands placed upon the runner’s body. Firstly, the process of the digestive system can be broken down into four sections, ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation (Toole, Toole and Toole,…

The small intestine consists of three divisions: The duodenum is the uppermost division and the part to which the pyloric end of the stomach attaches. it is about 25 cm (10 inches) long and is shaped roughly like the letter C. The name duodenum , meaning " 12 fingerbreadths," refers to the short length of this intestinal division. The duodenum becomes jejunum at the point where the tube turns abruptly forward and downward . The jejunal portion continues for approximately the next 2.5 m (8…

Cambridge to earn her Ph.D. She had a supervisor named John Bernal, who was with her when she discovered how x-ray crystallography can be used for the structure of proteins. Dorothy also assisted Bernal when he used the x-ray crystallography technique for Pepsin(home, 2016). This was the first time that this method was used for any biological…

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Cellular Theory & Microscopes Robert Hooke Robert Hooke was an English scientist credited most famously for the creation of Hooke’s Law (a principle of physics that states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance) in 1660 and the discovery of plant cells using a compound microscope in 1663. The compound microscope uses two or more lenses, which are connected by a hollow tube. The top lens (called the eyepiece) is the one that people…

Digestion works well when all the reactions along the way are functioning at an optimum but when one is compromised it eventually impacts on the entire tract. This is evident when there is Hypochlorhydria or low stomach acid. When there is a depletion of hydrochloric acid (HCL) the entire digestive process is affected, from mechanical and chemical digestions to absorption of nutrients. The stomach secrets HCL which maintains the low pH (between 1.5- 3) during the gastric phase of digestion. This…

gizzard after being stored in an organ like a crop), the partial chemical breakdown of food occurs. Food is broken down when the stomach churns and mixes the food with stomach acid, often containing hydrochloric acid and released by parietal cells, pepsin, which digest protein and are released by chief cells, protozoans, and bacteria (in the case of ruminant animals). Next, the food is passed on to the small intestine where it is digested further by pancreatic juice and bile from the pancreas…

Cimetidine: Cimetidine is a histamine-2 receptor antagonist. The mechanism of action of cimetidine is as a histamine H2 receptor antagonist. It inhibits histamine binding to histamine H2 receptors. Cimetidine inhibits gastric acid secretion as well as pepsin and gastrin output (PubChem, 2017). Pseudoephedrine: Pseudoephedrine is a phenethylamine that is used mainly for respiratory tract decongestion. Pseudoephedrine displaces norepinephrine from storage vesicles in presynaptic neurones, thus…

Each year more than 35 million people die from non-infectious diseases. In a recent report, The World Health Organization targeted tobacco, alcohol, and diet as the most significant risk factors in the development of non-communicable illness. Of the three, smoking and alcohol consumption are tightly regulated by government agencies around the world to protect public health; which means that one of the most important contributing factors to a growing worldwide health crisis remains uncontrolled.…