Pathogen

These barriers prevent fecal pathogens from reaching the domestic environment in the first place. It has been estimated that Studies estimate that over 75% of all diarrheal cases can be caused by contaminated food and water (Curtis 2000, Maxwell 2012). Poor hygiene behaviors and improper handling practices of caregivers has been claimed associated with high levels of bacterial contamination food and water (Iroegbu 2000, Mannan 2010 and Pickering 2011). In some cultures children’s faeces are…

In Eastern region of the, such incidence records a total of 96.27% for food of animal origin and 37.77% for poultry and their products (Altabari and Aldaghim, 2002). Microbial pathogens in food cause an estimated 6.5 to 33 million cases of human illness and up to 9000 deaths annually (Council for Agricultural Science and Technology, 1994). In the developed world, frequent reports of food poisoning have increased public concern in…

producing an antibiotic against one or more of the six ESKAPE pathogens (a group of pathogens that are resistant to most if not all current antibiotics). All research protocol was based on the Yale Small World Initiative and the third edition of Microbiology Laboratory Theory & Application. One bacteria from a sample of soil collected (colony #18) was tested for its ability to produce antibiotics against two of the six ESKAPE pathogens. It showed potential against one and further tests were done…

Many microorganisms are beneficial, for example, some in our large intestines synthesize vitamins and allow them to be absorbed into the bloodstream. A tiny minority are pathogens (disease-causing agents). Pathogens are also known as germs or bugs and can be life threatening. External injuries is the bacteria’s entrance to the body. They get energy from molecules such as sugars. Bacteria uses ATP for growth, movement, temperature regulation, and many other processes. They grow best in unhygienic…

Viral pathogens use liver cells to replicate, then attach to their lipid droplets to to accumulate, assemble and bud off into the rest of the body. Liver produces and secretes LDL, VLDL and HDL which are taken up by every cell in the body that uses cholesterol, including the liver cells that take them up too.2 Viruses hijack these lipoproteins and use them to get into the liver cells, where they replicate, which opens up a gateway to the rest of the body. They replicate within the endoplasmic…

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms that can cause harmful diseases in humans. The most common kinds of bloodborne pathogens are hepatitis B, hepatitis C , and human immunodeficiency virus. These pathogens can cause serious health problems. HIV can lead to AIDS, which is a life threatening disease that attacks your immune system. Many humans around the world suffer from bloodborne pathogens, they can damage many important organs and are spread in many ways. The most common and life…

In the lab, the results concluded that the water is indeed not healthy to drink for humans. The tubes indicated that there presence of fecal pathogens; which there was more than one. If one was presence, the water makes it automatically not healthy to drink. The different factors that were measured was the dissolved oxygen in which is an important factor to the aquatic ecosystems where all aquatic animals need to survive. Natural waters are healthy, stable in a environment, and have the chance…

ASSIGMNENT- PART A SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE Statement: Antibiotic resistance and overuse of vaccines has contributed to the increased incidence of emerging diseases and resistance and their controls and treatments. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens or organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. The human immune system is the last line of defense against viruses and bacteria that enter the body. To fight off infectious diseases and protect the body, the immune system attacks…

Vaccination or immunization is one of the cornerstones of risk reduction and public health response in regards to contagious disease. Since the initial smallpox variolation by Dr. Edward Jenner in 1796, the science of vaccination against pathogens has expanded to include a multitude of endemic diseases including measles, influenza, polio, diphtheria, and smallpox as well as more specialized health concerns (often bioterrorism) such as anthrax and typhoid fever. Further, immunization science…

The host immune response is important in maintaining the health of periodontal tissues. The presence of pathogens in periodontal pockets will activate innate and adaptive immune responses in an attempt to clear the pathogenic threat as well as promote tissue homeostasis. However, the persistent presence of pathogens can cause the continuous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; which in turn causes inappropriate inflammatory mediator (cytokine, chemokine, antimicrobial proteins…