Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, also known as (PNH), is a rare disorder in which the red blood cells we all carry in our bodies break apart prematurely. When this happens it is considered an acquired hematopoietic stem cell disorder. These stem sells are created in the bone marrow. These cells grow and develop into white blood cells (WBCs), platelets and red blood cells (RBCs). Hematopoietic stem cells in people with PNH are defective and produce defective blood cells. The defective red blood cells of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are susceptible to premature destruction by the complement system; a part of a person’s immune system that consists of a group of proteins that work together to destroy foreign invaders such as viruses and bacteria. These proteins normally protect red blood cells from destruction by the complement. People with PNH are missing two important complement-regulating proteins. Due to this missing protein, the red blood cells are prematurely destroyed, which leads to hemolytic anemia. Hemolysis by the complement system leads to episodes of hemoglobin in the urine, which would then be considered hemoglobinuria. Hemoglobin is an iron-containing…

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is the rare thrombophilic and hematopoietic stem cell disorder with an annual incidence rate of as low as 1-2 cases per million. About 16% of these patients present with visceral vein thrombosis which is the most common cause of mortality. We here present an extremely rare case of a young man presenting with extensive thrombosis of multiple visceral veins from PNH. A 36-year-old Hispanic man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency…

Cardiac conditions that may develop into a sleep disorder are Ischemia and Congestive Heart Failure. Pulmonary conditions include: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, central alveolar, hypoventilation, and sleep apnea. Gastrointestinal conditions include reflux disease. Hematologic conditions include: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, which is associated with brownish-red urine --- extremely rare. Older people have a disease in sleep time with waking up more during the night.…

or fatty tissue to accumulate. Anemia is the condition of having too few a number of functioning red blood cells or hemoglobin to meet the oxygen demand of the tissues. This leads to many complications that can be life threatening such as hypoxia and the symptoms seen with this disorder. The term aplastic comes from the bone marrow being empty or having very few red blood cells. Aplastic anemia has many causes by normally cannot be explained by one single cause. These include radiation, toxic…