P53

bad, they will self slaughter- known as apoptosis. (1) The molecules in cancer cells decide whether a cell should repair itself or not .EX: “a protein called p53 normally checks to see if the genes can be repaired or whether the cell should die”, so basically it decides to repair itself. But many cancers have a wrong machine version of p53, so they don't repair themselves properly.Cancer cells don't repair themselves or die. (1) Even a single mistake at the process of repairing themselves,can…

Bisphenol A is widely used in plastics to form different types of materials for daily use in society. However these plastics such as containers, may expose people to small amounts of BPA in food and water. The exposure of BPA comes primarily from consumption of food, as there was a national survey given out by the CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) as there was BPA found in urine more than 90% of the people being studied. In one of the research articles, a team of scientist…

UV rays can damage a cell`s DNA which at times affects how a cell grows and divides. The INK4A cell has a role in the G1 cell cycle which is held by the G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4/6), in this manner, allowing access into the S-phase of the Cell Cycle. When the INK4A cell and the CDKs don’t bind, it can lead to a hyperphosphorylation, mitosis regulator, failure and that causes the cell cycle to just keep going without control. The melanoma mutation affects the cell checkpoints during…

pathogenesis of cancer [18] and neurological diseases [19,20]. SIRT1 is the direct homologue of the yeast Sir2 and has a wide range of cellular functions such as modulating cell survival and regulating the transcriptional activities of NF-ĸB [21], p53 [22] and FOXO proteins [23]. While SIRT1 is located in the nucleus, SIRT2 is a predominantly cytoplasmic protein and is able to deacetylate H4K16 and several cytoplasmic substrates, including α-tubulin…

Pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare and aggressive tumor that has worse prognosis and higher metastatic potential than pancreatic adenocarcinoma(Kardon, Thompson et al. 2001, Boyd, Benarroch-Gampel et al. 2012). A major hindrance towards development of therapies against pancreatic ASC is that no unique molecular signature has been identified for this class of pancreatic tumors. Although KRAS and TP53 are altered in pancreatic ASC (Brody, Costantino et al. 2009), the same genes are…

Functional E6-AP promotes the ubiquitylation of tumor suppressor proteins such as p53 and p27 and regulates cellular proliferation and growth. E6-AP also plays a significant role in the clearance of mutant misfolded proteins linked with various neurodegenerative diseases. (B) Mahogunin functions as a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase;…

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an uncommon form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), it is a cancer which affects a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. There are three main types of BL (endemic, sporadic and immunodeficiency related). The endemic type of Burkitt’s lymphoma is considerably more common in sub-Saharan Africa, in where it has a close link to Epstein - Barr virus (EBV) and Malaria, whereas the sporadic type only has a 20% association with the EB virus and is…

A body is made up of cells, and in each cell, genes are found. Genes are passed down to children from parents, and over time genes can mutate. Mutations, or changes, in genes acquired from a mother or father, or genes damaged throughout a person’s life, is what contributes to the growth and development of cancer. Normally, one mutation will not cause cancer because the human body can correct that change, but with a multitude of mutations over time cancer becomes more probable. There have also…

When scientists first took the huge leap of deciphering the intricacies of the human genome twelve years ago, the common man benefited in ways unknown to him. And, as more and more data flowed in, the healthcare domain embarked on a new and renewed journey, lead by the field of genomics. A personalized approach to medicine is now heralded as the new future of healthcare—a unique and defined way to move forward which will not only trim healthcare costs but also improve care by doing away with…

been shared among African Americans as cultural traditions parallel to the blues. According to Kruse (2016), “All hip-hop musicians are tasked with simultaneously connecting to the global culture of hip-hop while representing their local contexts” (p53-58). Both are predominantly performed by African-Americans.…