Osteoclast

This is a summary of the articles “Osteoporosis prevention, Screening, and Treatment: A Review” by J.M. Kling, M.D., B.L. Clarke, M.D., and N.P. Sandhu, M. D., PhD. Along with article Interventions: “Defusing the World’s Osteoporosis Time Bomb” by K.M. Chan, M. Anderson, and E.M.C., Lau and “Defusing the World’s Osteoporosis Time Bomb” by: Kai Ming Chan, Anderson, M, Lau, Edith M. C. Discussed in these articles is the importance of prevention, screening and treatment of osteoporosis.…

The host immune response is important in maintaining the health of periodontal tissues. The presence of pathogens in periodontal pockets will activate innate and adaptive immune responses in an attempt to clear the pathogenic threat as well as promote tissue homeostasis. However, the persistent presence of pathogens can cause the continuous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses; which in turn causes inappropriate inflammatory mediator (cytokine, chemokine, antimicrobial proteins…

Nutrition Minerals and vitamins are essential for the regular functioning of mostly all metabolic processes in ruminants. Dietary deficits or extremes of certain minerals and vitamins can influence in major financial losses in animal productivity. Several guidelines have been published by national organizations that recommend variable amounts of vitamin D intake.61 The reference values (Dietary Reference Intakes) for vitamin D were established in 1997; however, novel reference values were…

1 Hypothalamus – a small region of the brain that is a major link between the nervous and endocrine system. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fear, rage, and sexual behavior. The hypothalamus control feeling such as pain, stress, and emotional experiences. (1) 2 Pituitary gland – the “master endocrine gland” because it secretes many hormones that control other endocrine glands. It is a “pea-shaped structure that attaches to…

In mammals, longitudinal bone growth occurs at the growth plate by endochondral bone formation. The growth plate consists of three principal zones: resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic. The resting zone lies adjacent to the epiphyseal bone and contains infrequently dividing chondrocytes. The proliferative zone contains replicating chondrocytes arranged in columns parallel to the long axis of the bone. The proliferative chondrocytes located farthest from the resting zone stop replicating and…

One body part most people don’t classify as organs are bones. Bones grow and develop throughout a human’s entire life. In that time, bones can fracture and break. After a fracture, a bone repairs itself through a process similar to that involved in its formation. Our understanding of this healing process has evolved over time through extensive research, some of which has led to surprising discoveries. For example, bones have been found to be one of few tissues that can repair itself without…

bone synthesis. A group of osteoblasts can produce an osteon, a fundamental unit of a bone. Osteoblasts produce a matrix of osteoid, an unmineralized portion of the bone matrix, and mineralize it using minerals, such as copper, sodium, and zinc. Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue during bone growth and repair. They work with osteoblasts and osteocytes, cells buried in an osteoid, to form the components and structure of bones. Other cell types that reside in the hollow parts of…

Otosclerosis is a progressive bone remodeling disease that effects the otic capsule of the temporal bone. The stapes becomes anchored to the anterior wall of the oval window and the ossicles join together into an immovable mass. Although this disease originates in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear, it is considered a conductive hearing loss because it effects the middle ear. Otosclerosis is found bilaterally in 80% of patients; however, otosclerosis is unilateral in the earlier stages of the…

Drug (Generic): alendronate Trade: Fosamax Classification (s): Therapuetic: bone resorption inhibitor Pharmacologic: biphosphonate Dosage: PO (Adults): Tx of Osteoporosis – 10 mg once daily or 70 mg once weekly. Prevention of osteoporosis – 5mg once daily or 35 mg once weekly. Paget’s disease – 40mg once daily for 6 mo. Retreatment may be considered for patients in relapse. Treatment of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis in men and premenopausal women – 5m once daily Treatment of…

Alissa Stevens MED 2047 Osteoporosis Instructor Michelle Earixson-Lamonthe 3/12/2015 VNFT031 Osteoporosis is the cause of more than 8.9 million fractures annually, which results in an osteoporotic fracture every 3 seconds worldwide (Johnell, 2006). Making Osteoporosis a severe musculoskeletal disease. We will cover any the expected findings, signs and symptoms that you will find upon your assessment. It will also cover the routes of treatments, medications and preventive measures…