Osteoblast

The prolonged use of therapeutic glucocorticoids is associated with a range of adverse effects (figure 1). The detrimental effects on bone have received the greatest focus and there are now a range of therapeutic strategies available to reduce the negative effects of glucocorticoids on bone [1]. Endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid excess is also associated with other serious clinical features such as the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes [2].…

DPSCs were the first TDSCs discovered in 2000, found inside dental pulp (Gronthos). DPSCs have the ability to differentiate into several kinds of cells and tissues including osteoblast, smooth muscle cells, adipocyte-like cells, neuron, dentin, and dentin-pulp-like complex (Saito, Tooth-derived update). Their multipotency, proliferation rate, availability, and cell number have been demonstrated to be greater than those of BMSCs…

Paget’s disease of the bone is a disorder that has to do with the remodeling process of the bones throughout the skeleton (Ralston 2013). This disorder is osteoclast-mediated resorption causing an osteoblast-mediated bone repair (Whyte 2006). Due to this, Paget’s disease causes the bone to grow larger in size, yet at the same time, also causing the bone to become weak and brittle. Typically this disease happens to older people (Ralston 2013). People…

Neurological Factors Affecting Movement Voluntary human movement is regulated and controlled by complex interactions within our central and peripheral nervous systems. The three major types of sensory input come from the visual (eyes), vestibular (inner ear), and somatic (body) sensory systems. The somatic sensory receptors found in muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, and skin are collectively known as proprioceptors and they gather information about body position and the direction and…

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterised by low bone density weakening of bony tissue. When this occurs bones are more prone to fractures Bone loss happens without any symptoms that’s why some individuals might not know that they have osteoporosis until the bones are so weak and fragile. Women are affected by osteoporosis than men because women have lower dense bone mass and an increased rate of low bone mass especially after menopause. Primary osteoporosis is the most common type of…

Summary of Case Study Bill is a 34 year old male who is in good health. He likes to work out as well as swim and go scuba diving. Bill began feeling discomfort in his right hip, so he decided to visit the doctor. He was prescribed medicine for his discomfort, but it did very little so he decided to return back to his doctor. He returned with the pain still in his right hip, but also mentioned the pain could now be found in his left hip as well. His doctor decided to draw blood work and send…

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the rate of new bone made does not match the levels of bone being broken down. The condition is caused by a range of factors in which effects the levels of new bones made. There are a range of factors that cause Osteoporosis, these are Estrogen: If the level of estrogen drops then bone loss accelerates and can lead to Osteoporosis. Having both ovaries removed in a process known as bilateral oophorectomy, results in low bone density. In the case of males,…

of calcium and phosphorus. Normal bone remodeling cycle requires that the process of bone resorption and bone formation take place in a coordinated fashion, which in turn depends on the orderly development and activation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. This property of bone, which constantly resorbs the old bone and forms new bone, makes the bone a very dynamic tissue that permits the maintenance of bone tissue, the repair of damaged tissue, and the homeostasis of the…

Kaempferol is a natural polyphenol, secondary metabolite (flavonol), a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plant-derived foods. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C. It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress. Many studies suggest that consuming kaempferol may reduce the risk of various cancers, and it is currently under consideration as a possible…

Question: The year is 2020. You are a postdoc currently working on a randomized control trial evaluating the influence of whole fat vs. low fat dairy products on cardiometabolic risk factors. Part of your analysis includes a blood test for a variety of compounds (e.g., minerals and hormones). As you sift through the data, you come across an unusual result: one subject has abnormally high calcium plasma levels. Upon further investigation, you find that their parathyroid hormone (PTH) plasma…