OSI model

ANSI 8. The TCP/IP and OSI models have some obvious differences, like the number of layers. Think about the more commonly used version of the TCP/IP model discussed in this chapter, and then think about how to talk about TCP/IP using OSI terms. Which of the following is a correctly phrased statement for how to use OSI terminology? a. HTTP is a Layer 5 protocol. b. IP is a network layer protocol. c. TCP is a Layer 2 protocol. d. Leased lines are Layer 7 standards. 10. Which of the following statements is true when comparing the OSI and the TCP/IP model as defined in RFC 1122? a. Two layer names match. b. The lower four layers of TCP/IP define the same kinds of functions as the matching layer numbers from OSI. c. The TCP/IP five-layer model is old and has been replaced by the seven-layer OSI model. d. The TCP/IP application layer defines functions that match closely to only two OSI layers (application and presentation). 12. A TCP/IP network includes an Ethernet LAN with 10 PCs uses a LAN switch. PC1 sends data intended for an app running on PC2. Which of the following mechanisms does Ethernet define so that PC2 receives and processes the…

with each other, they must follow protocols and specific rules that are laid out by the Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model. In order for data to travel from one device to another, seven layers were created for the OSI & TCP/IP model. These seven layers are a basic standard, utilized by most networks today and are based on the OSI. Even though the OSI model is standard and widely used, it does have some drawbacks. According to…

Kenneth Hartlaub 1. The Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI) The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model contains seven helpful layers that perform specific services in accordance with their layer. It is a logical model of how network systems communicate to each other in a series of protocols. These layers include the Application layer, the Presentation layer, the Session layer, the Transport layer, the Network layer, the Data Link layer, and the Physical layer. The descriptions of each…

TCP/IP Model - TCP and IP stand for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol this network model has only four layers these are the application layer, the transport layer, the internet layer and the network access layer. These two protocols are used on the internet all the time for transporting data to allow communication to others on the internet and so on with TCP/IP instead of having separate layers for the presentation layer and the session layer instead it is combined into the…

The application layer provides an application header to the data. This forms an application protocol data unit or APDU. This in turn is used by the next layer by giving its own header and it passes to the next level and so on. At the transport level, Session Protocol Data Unit or SPDU is broken into multiple data units. At the data link layer, a header and a trailer section containing an error detection code is added to form the Link Protocol Data Unit (LPDU)(Clarke et al., 2004). The OSI…

The Internet is based on a packet-switching protocol, TCP/IP. It is the type of network in which relatively small units of data called packets are routed through a network based on the destination address contained within each packet. Breaking communication down into packets allows the same data path to be shared among many users in the network. This type of communication between sender and receiver is known as connectionless. Most traffic over the Internet uses packet switching and the Internet…

It was evident that the social determinants of health and layers involved require thorough examination with an array of complexities to consider. Marmot’s work is used as a bench with key policy objectives and is regularly being built on to assess impact and inform practice. Education and housing were used as two social determinants which illustrated how those can create significant diversity in their responses and the impact on the remaining layers that contribute to health and wellbeing. With…

Layers of WBAN For the low cost, and short range communication IEEE has defined layers called physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC). Physical layer Clear channel assessment (CCA) within the current channel, activation and deactivation of radio transceiver, data transmission and reception are the tasks that is done by the physical layer. There are different physical layers. The choice of physical layer depends on the applications. The different physical layers are: Narrow Band (NB),…

The Quotient Ring Transform is an alternate encoding and decoding process developed by Dr. Anna Johnston [5]. The utility of this error detection and correction process is that it is not dependent on a fixed set of primitive roots. Thus, a standard encryption procedure can be efficiently included in the process. This section lays out Dr. Johnston’s work and provides a simple worked example. 3.1 The Chinese Remainder Theorem Recall the standard statement of the Chinese Remainder Theorem [1]:…

Design Analysis A connection is recognized in the optical layer regulates to carry the information among the clients in the network. The optical connection is preserved between a source node, s and destination node, d is known as an light path. The problem in finding a route for a light path with wavelength assigned to the light path is submitted as the routing and wavelength assignment problem (RWA). The problem of RWA is divided into two parts : Routing and Wavelength Assignment. In the…