Organic reaction

transferring substances into liquid and gaseous fuels, which is special for high moisture substances6. Supercritical water, which is serve as the solvent and the reactant in these reactions, mainly decreases mass transition restrictions in ambient condition water; therefore, it helps to accelerate the chemical reactions largely9. However, the vaporization of water along with raw materials is required by traditional pyrolysis and gasification method to convert high-moisture substances, which…

your-self or others. Knowing not to mix ammonia and bleach is good because when mixed causes an toxic gas that can harm you, others, pets or possibly your belongings. Knowing simple elements like carbon which is key to all life and matter in organic and in-organic life. Knowing how to be safe around chemicals and possibly dangerous matter in the chemistry laboratory. Learning how to be safe in the lab is a good practice to always wear your "ppe" without even thinking and to just do it. Learning…

The previous lab that was conducted dealt with oxidation, which is referred to as a compound gaining oxygen or losing electrons (Wyman, 2015). This week’s lab consisted of a reaction that was the opposite of an oxidation and it is known as a reduction reaction. To be more specific a reduction reaction is when the reactant that is present gains electrons, which is response lowers the overall formal charge of the compound. For instance, if there are two hydrogen ions and each one has a positive…

revolve around chemical reactions. Without the presence of enzymes some of life's processes would not happen easily. An enzyme is a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, they are generally a protein based molecule, as it is in the lab, Enzymes are organic catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells while not being permanently changed or without being consumed, which makes enzymes different from other proteins. In general, enzymes speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the…

The formation of benzilic acid results from the reaction of benzil with ethanol and potassium benzilate. In order to produce benzil, benzoin was reacted with nitric acid. A crude product of benzil was produced from the reaction of benzoin and nitric acid. Through the process of multi-step synthesis, benzil was produced through the oxidation of an alpha-hydroxyketone to an alpha-diketone using nitric acid. Prior to the reaction of nitric acid and benzoin, nitric acid was protonated to form an…

Thus only NB atom can be protonated. Gabriel Amine Synthesis (Preparation of 1o amines) The Gabriel Amine synthesis is a three-step organic reaction that converts an alkyl halide to a primary amine. The advantage offered by Gabriel Amine synthesis is that it avoids poly-alkylation. Step 1: acid-base reaction. The acidic phthalimide molecule gets deprotonated by a strong base. The strength of an acid depends on the stability of the conjugate base. The negative charge…

in excess. An esterification reaction is when an acid is converted into an ester by combining with an alcohol and removing a water molecule. Esters are found in numerous natural products, including fruits, flowers, and spices. Carboxyllic esters contribute to the flavor of products; therefore, esters are often found in artificial flavorings. This experiment uses glacial acetic acid in excess because it is relatively inexpensive and it is easy to remove from the reaction mixture because it…

In this experiment, the effects of environmental conditions on enzyme activity are explored. An enzyme is better known as an element produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. The environmental condition that was examined were the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. The raw materials that were used in this experiment were potato pile used to create catechol oxidase, catechol, and water which added as the solution. With Pipets and…

eliminates the use of excess solvent, during the course of reaction. The present study aims to assess the conversion and selectivity for the production of methyl benzoate compounds by esterification of benzoic acid using microwave irradiation. Effects of operating parameters such as reaction time, feed composition, microwave energy and reaction temperature were systematically investigated for the esterification of BA. Advantages like reduction in reaction time, minimization of waste acid…

1. Redox Catalyst Catalyst is defined as a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without changing its chemical composition and affecting the standard Gibbs free energy, by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction. It does so by providing an alternative reaction pathway. In redox reaction, the key chemical event is the net movement of electrons from one reactant to the other. The oxidation state of atoms are changed. Transition metal is used as redox catalyst due…