Orders of magnitude

in 1916 that the general theory of relativity predicts the existence of gravitational waves. “Gravitational waves are perturbations in the curvature of spacetime propagating with the velocity of light. They are caused by accelerating masses.”2 In order to understand the concept of a gravitational wave it is helpful to understand gravity as explained by the general theory of relativity. Relativity does not analyze gravity in terms of forces and acceleration as in Newtonian physics. Instead…

The purpose of this experiment is to observe the difference between ionic and molecular compounds using conductivity as a means of analysis. This lab will allow us to organize compounds based on the magnitude of their conductivity. This will allow us to determine whether or not a compound is molecular or ionic based on its conductivity. This lab also will determine the effect of concentration on conductivity of certain electrolytes, as well as the number of ions. We also will examine the effect…

suddenly occurring in low to minimal seismic activity states. In an article by Newsweek Global called “The Earth Moved, And It’s Our Fault” says, “But in Oklahoma in 2011, a magnitude-5.7 injection-induced earthquake —the strongest in the state’s history—destroyed 13 homes and injured two. The same year, Arkansas was hit with a magnitude-4.7 quake, along with thousands of other smaller tremors, causing the…

The story was purposefully censored in the US, however, in order to ease the audience’s exposure to the event and lessen the readers’ perception of the event’s magnitude and importance. This same exact censorship via selection bias, depiction bias and corporation control happens repeatedly for a myriad of topics and highly affects the process and politics of social…

because each model can be used to mimic actual behavior of the body. We are able to deduct from these models, how components will behave with load interaction, and predict human performance under varying scenarios to avoid injury in the workplace. In order to accurately analyze various work situations, many biomechanical models were developed; ranging from static models of isolated body segments, to dynamic models for various planes and body portions. Planar static biomechanical models are the…

Crisco, Wilcox, Beckwith, Chu, Duhaime, Rowson, Duma, Maerlender, McAllister, and Greenwald (2011) investigated 314 Division I NCAA athletes from Dartmouth College, Brown University, and Virginia Tech in order to quantify head impacts in terms of magnitude, location, and frequency, and differentiate collisions by position. Using the Simbex HIT System, the researchers calculated peak and median linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, impact location, and frequency for each…

– athletes experience different hits based on the positions they play...in order to quantify head impacts in terms of magnitude, location, and frequency, and differentiate collisions by position” (Polnerow). Through this study of NCAA athletes, it was confirmed that each position faces different risks and levels of impact. For example, “offensive lineman, defensive lineman, and linebackers experienced the lowest magnitude impacts but the highest frequency of collisions over a season, more than…

Second, we further studied the continuous rotation dynamics of NP-dimers with increasing asymmetries, and observed a full transition picture from the conventional diffusive to superdiffusive rotation, and further to ballistic rotation. Because a better statistic is needed for revealing this transition picture, we performed the following experiments in the continuous e-beam imaging mode where each experiment could contain hundreds to thousands of data points. Presented in Fig. 4A are the typical…

α-quartz is assembled, of which is tetrahedral. At an immensely high pressure, a denser octahedral formation results, otherwise referred to as the β-phase. The transmutation temperature is found to be at 706.85 Degrees Celsius. In the initial conversion order, inconsistencies in intervals are noticeable. During the α-phase when temperature rises, the unit cell boundaries and mass expands accordingly.…

In order to supply today’s large demand for energy, industries utilize different resource-gathering methods, including natural gas and oil drilling also known as “fracking.” Scientists and many others define fracking as a way of extracting natural gas, which is mostly methane, from shale rock formations that are often deep underground. It involves pumping water, chemicals and usually sand underground at high pressure to fracture shale and release the gas trapped within to be collected back at…