Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

study that showed the contraction force increased and contraction duration decrease with increasing temperature. The researchers contributed these results to regulation of acetylcholine release by temperature. As temperature increases, release of acetylcholine increases. In contrast as temperature decreases, release of acetylcholine decreases (Foldes et al. 1978). An additional study was also consistent with our results, contributing…

Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia and is also the most common form of it. It is According to the Alzheimer’s Association, it accounts for 60 to 80 percent of dementia. This disease is an advanced loss of intellectual function that eventually interferes with someone’s day to day living; such as relationships, work ethic, and even personal hygiene. With Alzheimer’s, there is a lack of ambition, changes in personality, and weakened judgment. This progressive disease happens in people who…

One thing that many living things require is the need for muscles in order to function. Humans are composed of more than half their body weight of muscle (Saunders, 2016). Muscles are the building blocks of an abundant amount of functions. For example, muscles are required in order to help many organisms eat, protect themselves, most movements, etc. The basic unit of muscles is referred to as a sarcomere, and when it contracts it excretes a force. The contraction is the result of the interaction…

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) is a muscle disorder that, even though has different ages of onset, develops most commonly at birth or in infancy. A dystrophy is a disorder that weakens and wastes away organs and tissue of the body. CMD can be characterized by hypotonia or “floppy baby”, progressive muscle weakness, and fixed joints that restrict movement. Most forms of CMD are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, affect different muscles and have different severity and inheritance…

Myasthenia gravis What is myasthenia gravis? Myasthenia gravis is a medical condition characterized by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscle weakness. Patients often have involvement of their ocular (eye) and bulbar muscles. The bulbar muscles are located in the head and are important for chewing and swallowing. Symptoms often include double vision, eyelid drooping, slurred speech, and dysphagia (trouble swallowing) due to muscle…

7 cranial nerve pairs out of 12 pairs in human nervous system function more or less in speech or hearing; these are the cranial nerves V (Trigeminal), VII (Facial), VIII (Vestibulocochlear), IX (Glossopharyngeal), X (Vagus), XI (Spinal Accessory), and XII (Hypoglossal). These have particular roles other than assisting speech or hearing. Furthermore, most clinical tests for cranial nerve functions neither are recommended to be performed by speech and hearing pathologists, nor are they related to…

Systemic Telomere Length and Aging Telomeres represent essential structure for genome stability, since their role is to protect the extremities of linear chromosomes from degradation and recombination. Furthermore, they also participate in the nuclear architecture, as well as in the meiosis-specific genome recombination and reorganization. Telomere length is the result of the equilibrium between shortening and lengthening mechanisms, and in many different organisms there is a decrease in…

Biological psychology is a discipline, it makes very important contribution to the nervous system. I will be briefly going over biological bases of behavior and the mental processes. The first thing I will be talking about is endorphins. The second thing I will be talking about is the sympathetic nervous system, and the parasympathetic nervous system. The first thing I’m going to talk about is endorphins. Endorphins are produced by the central nervous system. Endorphins act like a morphine, or…

RMW is a common complication of neuromuscular diseases. It causes a respiratory failure which may lead to death (Bourke, 2014). RMW can be classified as acute (as seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome), chronic and relapsing (relapse) (as seen in multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis), or relentlessly progressive (as seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS]) (Ambrosino, Carpene, & Gherardi, 2009; Areeyapinan & Phanthumchinda, 2010; Berrih-Aknin, Frenkian-Cuvelier, & Eymard, 2014). Assessment and…

Myasthenia Gravis occurs. In normal humans, when an impulse travels down a nerve, the nerve then releases a neurotransmitter known as Acetylcholine, which then binds to Acetylcholine receptors and are then activated and are then able to create a muscle contraction. However, in people with Myasthenia Gravis, antibodies are able to stop, change or even destroy the receptors…