Monosaccharide

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide consisting of β(1→ 4)-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) units in a linear form. Chitin is insoluble in water and mainly exists in two crystalline (α- and β-) forms. The α-chitin consists of sheets of tightly packed alternating parallel and antiparallel chains (1) and is abundant in the exoskeleton of arthropods, insects, fungi, and yeast cell walls. The chains are arranged in parallel orientation in β-chitin (2), which occurs less…

Can a Gluten-Free Diet Change Your Life? Here’s What You Should Know to Decide. Recently the words Gluten-free and Celiac Disease (CD) have become common topics of conversations; whether the conversation is about weight-loss, healthy living, nutrition, or exercise. Health food products with labels such as “organic”, “gluten-free”, “sugar and fat-free” can be seen almost everywhere. If you ask anyone concerned about their weight or health, they can answer the question “what are the benefits of…

The large consumption of sugar intake is arguably the leading cause of adverse health conditions such as obesity and diabetes in the U.S. Many researchers have studied health outcomes as a result of increased sugar intake, and have concluded that high levels of sugar is most commonly “found in the vast majority of processed foods, especially in sugar-sweetened beverages.” With this knowledge, several health organizations (i.e. World Health Organization) are strongly recommending children and…

Assignment 1: Metabolism Gone Wrong: Galactosemia Course: Biochem 3D03 TA: Rabia Mateen Name: Kei Cheng Mak ID: 3122260 Date: October 15th, 2014 Introduction Metabolism consists of biochemical reactions catalyzing the conversion of complex macronutrients into usable energy by various enzymes. Energy in food is extracted from three macronutrients - carbohydrate, protein and fat. As food passes through the digestive tract, various enzymes and chemicals in the body break food particles into…

Introduction An exudate is a liquid secreted by an organism through pores, wound or cut by a method known as exuding. In plants exudates include saps, latex, nectar, resin and gums (Power et al., 2010). These plant exudates are used in a broad range of food and pharmaceutical product in addition to several other technical applications. As a result, they form an essential group of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) and are therefore a foundation to multi-billion industries worldwide. These plant…

Overview of Fermentation Fermentation is looked as an anaerobic process. The process breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen. The energy released from glucose would convert into acids, gases or alcohol. Fermentation would take place when the electron transport chain would not be used. Fermentation would occur in yeast cells, bacteria and in muscle cells of animals. For most methods of fermentation metabolism, glycolysis would involve the breaking down of 6 carbons into two…

Pectin yield was determined as weight of dry pectin against the weight of initial residues multiplied by 100%. Y=100(P/Bi) Where Y is the extracted pectin yield (%), P is the amount of extracted pectin in grams and Bi is the initial amount of sweet potato residues used to extract pectin. Equivalent weight and Degree of methoxylation The equivalent weight was determined according to the method by Barretina et al., (Barretina et al. 2012). 0.25g pectin was wetted with 5ml ethanol and topped…

juice, Free sugar, Fructose, Fruit juice, Fucose, Galactose, Glucose, Golden syrup, High fructose corn syrup, High maltose, Honey, Icing sugar, Inositol, Inverted sugar syrup, Jaggery, Lactose, Maltose, Mannose, Maple sugar, Maple syrup, Molasses, Monosaccharide, Palm sugar, Ribose, Rhamnose, Sucrose, Toffee, Treacle, Trehalose, Xylose. Protein: ... Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's cells, tissues, and organs. Not good protein - red meat, processed…

Textbook Reference: 6.4 What Are the Active Processes of Membrane Transport? Page: 120 5. Barrier formation is only one function of the cell membrane. Describe some other functions of the membrane and discuss how the membrane is suited for those functions. Answer: Membranes function in processing energy transformation and in the organization of chemical reactions. Integral and peripheral proteins contribute to these functions. The membrane serves as a holding site for the catalytic enzymes…