Mitral regurgitation

hyperlipidemia. She has a 30-pack year history of smoking. Significant findings on physical exam cm were jugular venous pressure (JVP) at 5 above the clavicle and a laterally displaced point of maximal impulse, S4 and S3, and a 3/6 systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation. There was hepatojugular reflux (HJR). She had 1+ pitting edema to mid shin…

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common congenital defect. I find it to be a very interesting topic for various reasons. One of them is because the first open heart surgery in America over half a century ago was to fix Tetralogy of Fallot. One of the other reasons is that this is a very complex defect and it is a defect that we cannot prevent from occurring. From the very first surgery to fix Tetralogy of Fallot it was a successful procedure. Over time technology and new research has benefited…

on both sides. An emergency TEE was performed on the patient, and it showed the classic apical ballooning present with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Her right ventricle was dysfunctional and dilated mildly. The TEE presented with moderate tricuspid regurgitation, and a low cardiac output. Cardiac catheterization was also performed and no coronary disease was found. The patient was treated with milrinone, and after two days in the ICU the patient was mostly recovered with an ejection fraction of 60%,…

Abstract Objective – This case study seeks to explore the current literature recommendations regarding treatment modalities of sarcoidosis induced heart block. Context – Sarcoidosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease that may affect any organ system. Symptoms tend to be vague and include fatigue, lethargy, weight loss, shortness of breath, a dry and hacking cough, blurry vision, dry eyes, arthritis, and cutaneous manifestations. Though this disease may affect any organ system of body, it most…

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited multisystemic disease of unknown etiology that typically causes fever and acute inflammation in young children. It is also referred to as "mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome," because of its involvement of the mucous membranes, skin, and lymph nodes. It has 3 stages that lasts about 12 days which are comprised of the acute, subacute, and convalescent phases. This syndrome may result in the complication of damage to the coronary arteries, due to inflammatory…

This article is about the hypothesized neurological disorder. For other uses, see Panda (disambiguation). PANDAS Streptococcus pyogenes 01.jpg Streptococcus pyogenes (stained red), a common group A streptococcal bacterium. PANDAS is hypothesized to be an autoimmune condition in which the body's own antibodies to streptococci attack the basal ganglion cells of the brain, by a concept known as molecular mimicry. Classification and external resources Specialty Neurology ICD-9-CM 279.49 Patient UK…

Introduction Cardiomyopathy is the disease of the heart in which the muscles of the heart are affected to an extent that they become stiff or of an irregular size, the effect it has on the heart classifies the type of disorder it is. It can take up many forms, the most common of these are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy and Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. As cardiomyopathy begins to become more severe, the overall health of the heart…