Microeconomics

Perfect competition: Perfect competition is the name given to an industry or to a market characterized by a large number of buyers and sellers engaged in the purchase and sale of a homogeneous commodity , with perfect knowledge of market price and quantities There are some characteristics of perfect competition: 1. Large number of buyers and sellers : In the perfect competition , a large number of buyers and sellers exists exists. However the high population of buyers and sellers fail to affect…

What is the difference between economy and ecology? By definition, the economy is the management of household affairs, especially expenses, thrifty and efficient use of resources; frugality in expenditures, and the structure of economic life in an area or a period (Miriam Webster). Ecology is a branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their environment, the totality or pattern of relations between organisms and their environment (Miriam Webster). Although these two…

The comparison between the neoclassical economics advocated by Kenneth Arrow and information economics by George Stigler show the different point of view towards the function of market and the economical mechanism to fix the market failure and improve the economic performance and social welfare. The two points of views differs mainly on whether the government should way in when the economy is facing trouble and need to resolve some market failures that are currently affecting the well-being of…

ASSIGN 1- Explain what conditions are necessary for a market to be perfectly competitive. How does a firm operating in a perfectly copetitive marketset its price and output? What happens in such a market if firms are able to achieve high level of profitabilty. Necessary conditions for perfect competition are – 1. Large number of buyers and sellers of a commodity: The number of buyers is so large that the demand by an individual buyer remains only a small fragment of the market demand for a…

Positive correlation: If the increase or decrease in one variable affects the increase or decrease in another variable, we say that the two variables are positively correlated. Negative correlation: If the increase or decrease in one variable affects the decrease or increase in another variable, we say that the two variables are negatively correlated. Correlation coefficient: It studies about the degree of the relationship between the two variables. Or it studies about the strength of the two…

Theoretical framework The idea that economies of scale can be applied in the motion picture industry is based on the theory of economies of scale. As already mentioned, this theory argues that when output increases, the average costs decline (Besanko, Dranove, Shanley, & Schaefer, 2013). Thus, filmmaking company’s budget could be taken as a fixed cost and company’s output could be measured by films produced, the number of viewers or box office receipts. For example, copies of a film can be seen…

Homo economicus or the economic man can be referred to the concept of many theories of economics. It portrays human beings as self-interested and rational agents, who pursue optimally the subjectively defined ends. Homo economicus maximizes the utility as the customer and profitability as the producer. The whole theory is compared to the different concepts of economic behavior, cognitive biases as well as homo reciprocans. In the game theory, the homo economicus is related and associated with…

1) Market based transfer prices Market based transfer prices occur where a perfectly competitive market exist for intermediate products which makes it optimal for both decision making and performance evaluation to set transfer prices at competitive market prices. A perfectly competitive market exist when products sold are all the same and no individual buyer or seller can affect market prices. Transfer prices are recorded at market prices therefore divisional performance is likely to represent…

1.What does a supply curve illustrate? What would make the supply curve shift? Provide two examples from the market for orange juice where supply contracts (curve shifts left). The supply curve illustrates the how much the sellers are willing to supply a good at different prices, as the price goes up the supply will increase and as the price goes down the supply will decrease. The supply curve shifts because of changes in costs or technology innovations, these changes can shift the supply curve…

ISOQUANTS DEFINITION Isoquant (derived from quantity and the Greek word iso, meaning equal) is a contour line joining the set of all points at which a quantity of output is produced while varying quantities of two and/or more inputs. An indifference curve mapping helps us to arrive at the utility-maximization of consumers, the isoquant mapping deals with the cost-minimization of producers. Isoquants are ideally drawn alongside isocost curves in capital-labour graphs, showing the technological…