Measurement of biodiversity

Therefore, current changes in the temperature levels resulting from global warming could determine the changes in the distribution of insects over different regions (Whittaker 2001). Mitchell (2014) states that agricultural landscapes do not remain constant as their structural features are altered by the use of pesticides, occurrence of pollination and varying farming methods. These changes could account for the movement of arthropods across different agricultural landscapes at differing ratios. Changing ratios reflect dissimilar diversity indices among arthropod communities in distinct habitats. Continued efforts to reach an understanding of the large-scale variation in the richness of species are being made as this is a vital character of biodiversity (Elo 2010). There are varying views on the major contributing factors leading to unmatched species richness across areas, some of which are centered on the impacts of energy and others on habitat heterogeneity (Elo 2010). The overall diversity of species in a habitat may reflect the range of insect morphospecies in the area as phylogenetic diversity concomitantly determines the existence of certain arthropod species. The effect of landscape structure on the diversity of predators indirectly impacts the diversity of arthropods (Hooper et al. 2005). These two factors are mostly indirectly proportional as insect predators aim at removing as many insects as possible from the area they reside in unless there are mutualistic or…

successional stage based on the types of trees that are present. We hypothesizes that species present will differ between the two sites, as well the patterns of species dominance. We then hypothesized that the spatial distribution of trees will differ between the two sites, as will the age structure of the trees. Materials and Methods The two lab groups sample two forest locations each: Burr Oak Preserve and North Farm. Each lab group was split into five subgroups, given a two tape measures,…

A system called CWEED, which measures energy in Ontario and it can "provides solar global measurements as the total of direct and diffuse radiant energy received by a pyranometer." (Hoicka, Rowlands,2011). Therefore, an efficient system can determine whether citizens have easy access to reliable energy or not. However, in some developing countries such as Indian, mature measuring techniques are lacked to identify the resources quality, and thus this becomes partly measured. The increase of the…

covered area of particular species (Santra et al., 2005). Canopy cover = D × Average canopy covered by an individual 4.2.3 Diversity indices In ecology, a diversity index is a statistic which proposed to measure the biodiversity of an ecosystem. Diversity indices can be used to measure the diversity of any population which own to unique species. 4.2.4 Species Richness (Species Diversity) Species diversity or richness is an expression of community structure which is described as the…

roadsides. It is common weed found throughout of Pakistan (Abbasi et al., 2011). As far as second most dominant species Oxalis corniculata is concerned, it is found in temperate areas having moisture and sunlight like waste places, cultivated lands in loamy soil, gardens, yards, driveways and sidewalk cracks (Abbasi et al., 2011; Eiten, 1955). Another prevalent species, Cynodon dactylon is commonly found in warm and temperate climates of world (Kole, 2011). Natural population are highly tolerant…

The most likely source of systematic error is parallax error. It is highly likely that measuring the length of the tube was affected by the positioning of the ruler against the tube as well as the eye against the ruler. The absence of millimetre measurements on the ruler also required the observer to estimate to the nearest millimetre which also likely resulted in inaccuracies. The mouth of the tube was also rigid which has possibly had an effect on the end correction value of 0.4d, however this…

Some of the aspects from these three articles can advance the understanding and the validity of Merton’s anomie theory. When looking at the study done by Baumer and Gustafson, the quality of their study is very sound. The researches find a way to measure the different parts of Merton’s theory, such as legitimate employment and other things that would be considered blocked opportunity and crime, and measure them (Baumer & Gustafson, 2007). Baumer and Gustafson also give solid background…

Based on this calculation, would timing more drops help in reducing the uncertainty of the average times? In this experiment would it be feasible to take the optimal number of measurements? In my works, there are at least 5 times of each ball to measurement need. With the calculation, If student timing more drops, it will help in decreasing the uncertainly of the average time. So, 5 times of dropping are enough for this experiment. Q9: Were the times given by the preferred method for the first…

Sources of Measurement Error Measurement is the process by where we assign value to empirical events, objects or properties, or activities according to a set of rules or standards (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The goal of measurement is to represent the events, objects, properties, or activities with complete precision and control. Because a researcher does not have complete control, errors do occur. Measurement error is the difference between the research value assigned and the true…

As discussed previously there has been various methods developed in the past few decades for performance measurements; however the most acceptable and regarded approach is the "Balanced Scorecard Approach". Balanced Scorecard addresses one major issue that financial measurement tools are insufficient to guide companies for success. It provides a broader sense of indications for the total value creation in organizations through tangible and intangible assets. Balanced Scorecard approach help…