Lysis

In the 1940s, antibiotics were widely introduced as a cure for common types of diseases. However, some microbes were able to resist the impacts of these drugs, in other words, the pathogen remained alive. In order to help resolve the crisis, antibiotics were found through screenings of soil microorganisms. However, soil microorganism’s antibiotics were depleted by the 1960s and their antibiotic effects were unable to be replicated through synthesis. In this experiment, the researchers developed…

Phage pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is complex because of the nature of the predator-prey relationship at the site of infection, in which both elements are replicating while the target bacteria are also undergoing lysis (Cairns and Payne 2008). Phage strains considered for application purposes should be screened for toxins, antibiotic resistance, and genes that increase bacterial pathogenicity. Further, the phage strain should have reduced immunogenicity, to minimize…

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition of which there is currently no cure. The main pathological feature of the disease is degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons within the brain, primarily in the Pars Compacta region of the Substantia Nigra (SN). This is thought to be a result of the formation of soluble aggregates of α-synuclein known as ‘Lewy Bodies’ in the neurones of PD patients, which can be clearly seen in various regions of the brain upon post mortem…

Cancer Tumor Cell Therapy: Virus Versus Virus In a recent article published by Reuters, a group of researchers claims to have been able to genetically modify the mostly known cold-causing, adenovirus to attack cancer tumor cells, which is not new to the lot of cancer treatment as the US Food and Drug Association earlier approved the use of herpes virus to attack skin cancer cells. This kind of cancer cell therapy is not as impossible as it was curiously examined by scientists before since the…

) Discuss antibiotic resistant bacteria, cause and effect. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is a big concern now a day due to the use of excessive and improper use of antibiotics. It is very common for people to star taking an antibiotic and stop the regimen as soon as the symptoms are gone. With this practice, bacteria that were not killed by the antibiotic but were exposed, are capable of becoming immune to it. This immunity or resistance can be passed on from bacteria to bacteria through the…

The goal of each pharmaceutical company is to develop drug product and get marketing authorization approval. It changes the life of the patients by giving better life. When a company is planning a drug development journey it should have clear thoughts how new product will improve the patient’s life compare to available products in the market or in the pipeline. A Target Product Profile (TPP) is very helpful assistance in recognizing the chosen product characteristics and interactive them to the…

Scientists may need these lysins to stop bacteria from becoming more and more resistant to antibiotics. Bacteria is infected by bacteriophage when it inserts itself into the cell. The lytic system weakens the cell wall and this creates bacterial lysis. Due to this, the bacteriophage has a place to exit the cell and diffuse its newly created phage. Lysin builds up in the cytoplasm while the phage develops. It is waiting for the phage inside the cell to mature. Large DNA phage and small…

bacteria in the unknown was staphylo, which means the cells were grouped together. The identification of the bacteria was reached when the hemolysis test was done. “Hemolysin activity, when present, is usually weak”. (Breed) The test resulted in no lysis meaning…

necrosis (or coagulative myocytolysis) results from severe ischemia followed by reperfusion. It is characterized by hypercontracted myofibrils (increased Ca2+ influx into dying cells) with contraction bands, marked vascular congestion, and healing by lysis of muscle cells. It occurs in the periphery of large infarcts and to a greater extent in non-transmural than in transmural infarcts. Finally, the severe prolonged ischemia (without necrosis) can cause myocyte vacuolization (often termed…

Putting red blood cells within a hypertonic or a hypotonic solution is bad to our bodies mainly due to the fact that they won’t be able to carry oxygen as efficiently. During the hypotonic process, the cells would soon succumb to cellular lysis which would decrease the amount of red blood cells in the body. During the hypertonic process, the cells would perform crenation which would decrease the affinity of oxygen to the red blood cells. Both of these processes lead can lead to temporary…