Kidney stone

can be found in the kidney, bladder or urethra and may cause difficulty urinating. Besides the formation of stones, sludge also may form, most commonly in the bladder, which is an excess of calcium that has not formed into stones. A sludge deposit results in thicker, discolored urine, the urine may appear white or grey. According to Ms. Brown, some rabbits may get stones, others may have sludge and some may have neither and the reasoning behind sludge not turning into stones is unknown. Even…

or more parts of the urinary system, for example the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra, becomes infected with a pathogen. The most common infections are the kidney and bladder. The body symptoms affected in this case are; the urinary system. Symptoms of a bladder infection, ( which is in the urinary system) include urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination, pain above the pubic region, WBC’s, and bacteria in urine. Symptoms of a kidney infection, (which is caused after a UTI doesn’t…

Acute pyelonephritis, the more common type, usually results from colonization and infection of the lower urinary tract that if left untreated can ascend through the urethral route and infect the kidneys (Lewis et al., 2014). Chronic pyelonephritis occurs when the kidneys are frequently infected causing the kidneys to become small, atrophic, and loose function from all the scarring (Lewis et al., 2014). Also, with chronic pyelonephritis the extent of the scarring depends on the amount of past…

Guideline Statement 2016 recommends Ureteroscopy as first line therapy in patients with mid or distal ureteral stones who require intervention (who were not candidates for or who failed Medical Expulsive Therapy) with Evidence Level Grade B.1 European Association of Urology Guideline 2016 also recommends Ureteroscopy over Shock Wave Lithotripsy for ureteral stones if indicated for active stone removal - Recommendation Grade A.2 Semirigid ureteroscopes remain the most commonly used type of scope…

valve.1 First ureteroscopic removal of ureteric stone was performed by Huffman in 1983.2 Among various treatment modalities for ureteral calculi, ureteroscopy is one of the options.3The procedure of stone removal have become more effective with decrease in the size of the ureteroscope and the use of flexible variety. Since 1967 the placement of stents has been a standard practice.3 Ureteroscopy is recommended as first line therapy for ureteral stones if indicated for active removal by American…

(Urinary Tract Infections), blood in the urine, tumors, benign and malignant growths, bladder stones, urethra blockage, pain or pressure when urinating, and enlarged prostate glands. A cystoscopy can also allow your Glendora General Surgeon to take samples of tissue to determine if there is an infection or tumors, to remove small tumors, to remove any visible stones, to determine if there are any kidney problems, and to help resolve urine blockages by inserting small tubes. The procedure is…

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGICAL 1. BLADDER CALCULUS – Bladder Calculus is also known as bladder stone and are caused due to building up of minerals in the body. 2. DIFFICULTY IN MICTURITION – Difficulty in micturition is known as difficulty in the discharge of the urine from the bladder. 3. TURD – Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate is a surgery used to treat urinary problems due to an enlarged prostate. 4. BNR – Bladder Neck Reconstruction 5. LSCS – Lower Segment Caesarean section is also called…

contractions known as peristalsis and the influence of gravity causes urine to move to the urinary bladder. The ureters extend slightly at their ends into the urinary bladder through vesical ureter valves that prevent flowing back of urine to the kidneys. Urinary bladder. The urinary bladder resembles a sac-like hollow organ. It is used to store urine. It is located at the pelvis’ inferior end. When urine enters the urinary bladder from the ureters, it slowly fills the hollow…

gland secretes parathyroid hormone or parahormone which regulates calcium and phosphorus by stimulating the transfer of calcium from bone to blood, and inhibiting bone formation and by increasing calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion in the kidney. 4. Mineral corticosteroids such as aldosterone are secreted by the adrenal…

Kidney: Major Functions ✓ C-ontrols electrolyte and fluid balance ✓ R-egulates homeostasis of blood and acid-base balance ✓ R-egulates RBC production ✓ E-liminates end products of metabolism, ✓ S-ecretes renin, parathyroid hormones and Vitamin D [pic] The Kidney: Nephron • Functional unit of the kidney that produces urine by filtration Blood Supply of the Kidney • Renal artery- branch of the abdominal aorta • Renal vein- drains into the inferior…