Immunity

Vaccination is the process of injecting antigenic material to stimulate immune response. Conventional vaccines insert attenuated or killed infectious agent, such as virus or antigenic protein, into the body to stimulate immune system to develop immunity against the pathogen. However, this type of vaccines has some weakness. For example, attenuated virus may suddenly become very active in the body and cause disease instead of stimulating immune response. Conventional vaccines also unable to…

Smallpox Smallpoxes has been known by generations, it was mostly confined to Europe. This illness causes flu like symptoms at first then proceeds to form pustules on the victims body. These pustules spread throughout the body, depending on how bad you had it. People would mostly die form a secondary infection, caused when the pustules scabbed and then fell off, leaving deep tissue exposed. If you survived the illness you wouldn’t be about to contract the illness again, because, you build up the…

system, which is responsible for defending the body against pathogens, is a very complex and vital body system. The immune system involves both innate and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity functions as the “first responder” system of the body. The skin, the mucous membranes are the first line of defense in innate immunity. The skin and mucous membranes serve to prevent microbes from entering the body. If microbes enter the body, then the tears, saliva, urine flow, vaginal…

One way vaccinations protect is by preserving herd immunity. Herd immunity is defined by the Merriam-Webster English dictionary as “a reduction in the probability of infection that is held to apply to susceptible members of a population in which a significant proportion of the individuals are immune because the chance of coming in contact with an infected individual is less” (“Herd Immunity”). A “susceptible member” may include a person who has a weak immune system or cannot tolerate…

It has a first line of defense and a second line of defense that have been present since birth. When we call it nonspecific immunity we mean that they don’t necessarily know what type of virus, what type of bacteria, or what type of foreign substance it is. They generally respond to things that are bad. All they know is that they see something that isn’t suppose to belong and they respond to it, but they don’t remember it. The first line of defense includes the physical and chemical barriers…

Meditation is a viable treatment option for patients seeking to enhance their physical well-being. This paper will provide a theoretical framework on this topic before making its own argument. Everyone should seek to benefit their physical well-being because the majority of individuals are not as healthy as they would hope to be and our physical well-beings are of utmost importance. One approach that a multitude of individuals have utilized to enhance their physical well-being is meditation.…

Zinc and Immunity Various aspects of immune system are affected due to zinc (6,7,8). For normal development and function of cell mediated innate immunity, neutrophils and natural killer cells, zinc is essential element. The deficiency also affects the macrophages. The deficiency also affects adversely the growth and function of T and B cells. Besides zinc is an essential element needed for the synthesis of DNA, transcription of RNA, and activation of cells. Cytokines are adversely affected in…

an extra sixty to ninety minutes per night (Huffington Post). When we are stressed, we may have difficulty sleeping at night, but we have to do our best to get at least eight hours of sleep each night. Lack of sleep, on the other hand, lowers our immunity and makes us more susceptible to physical illness. It is a stressor, which in turn can leave us vulnerable to other stressors (Bodger). Not only is…

Unit 6 DB 2 Qualified Immunity The Messerschmidt v. Millender (2012) case was very interesting, because it discussed qualified immunity, and if certain government officials are protected under this doctrine from legal responsibility for “civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate obviously established” (“Messerschmidt v. Millender”, 2012, p. 8), constitutional or statutory rights of which a reasonable person would have known. So, what is qualified immunity? This learner believes…

Immunity! To start with a personal experience, I have a brother who is almost two years old, Cullen. My family put Cullen in a school that also was a day care for babies. Cullen being around lots of sick babies ultimately got sick too all the time. Thinking about it having him exposed to those germs and bacteria will in the end build a strong immune system for him. So, immunity refers to resistance to disease. The innate defense system and the adaptive defense system. The innate defense system…