Hydrogen ion

It did this because the chlorine ion of HCl was able to bond with silver or lead, leaving the other cation in the liquid solution that was decanted and set aside for Part B.1 In Step 5, the sample with either silver or lead was heated in a water bath. This step was essential as heating the solution broke any ionic bonds within the…

3.2. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) surface of Pyrazolooxazines. The correlation between the molecular structure and the physicochemical property of molecules, including biological molecules and MESP-based drugs, to distinguish electron rich zones (electrophilic attack) from electron-poor ones (a nucleophilic attack) 16, 17. We represent in this study the molecular surface of the electrostatic potential (MESP), the electrostatic potential (ESP) and the electron density (ED). MESP is a…

Our lab consisted of combining small amounts of aqueous solutions in order to observe their soluble nature (or lack thereof). The key concept that was involved in this lab was the concept of solubility, the ability of a substance (the solute) to dissolve in a solvent rather than to form a solid precipitate. Through this lab, we were attempting to determine the solubility of the solutions as well as observe how the solutions interact with each other -- if they form a precipitate once combined or…

the sulfate test. During the sulfate test, the solution became cloudy, the unknown substance did not completely dissolve, and there was evidence of a white precipitate present. These two tests determined that there was a possibility that the sulfate ion (SO ) was present in the unknown compound. The cation test resulted in the appearance of a pale violet color within the flame. This color meant that the unknown compound could contain the potassium cation. These findings lead to the consensus…

The observed colour was orange, which fit the emission spectrum. Few specks of blue were observed, this might be due to the Bunsen burner not being completely cleaned or the sodium not being completely pure. The observed colours match those of the spectrum, and can be accepted as true. The observed colour for lithium was a dark red colour. Lithium’s emission spectrum consists of purple, blue, cyan and red. Few darker specks of blue were observed, possibly from the same substance that made the…

Introduction According to Bio-Rad, Alamar Blue is a “cell viability assay reagent which contains the cell permeable, non-toxic and weakly fluorescent blue indicator dye called resazurin.” (Bio-Rad, n.d.). Meaning that the resazurin is going to be using an oxidation-reduction (REDOX) indicator that will undergo a color change due to the response of the cellular metabolic reduction. “The reduced form resorufin is pink and highly fluorescent, and the intensity of fluorescence produced is…

specific unknown compound. These tests included a solubility test, which determines whether the compound is soluble in water, a pH test to determine the relative acidity of the compound, and a flame test, which shows the presence or absence of metal ions, and an anion test. The compound was then tested with five other known compounds to provide more evidence of the true…

Free radicals form when weak bonds split. They need to be stable so they react very fast with other compounds. When the free radical attacks a molecule, it takes an electron, which turns that molecule into a free radical. It is like the domino effect. The body may also create free radicals on its own. It creates them in small amounts so it’s not very harmful to the body. Harmful things in the environment will also create them. The body is only able to handle a certain number of free radicals…

The Identification of an Unknown Substance Using a Series of Tests Project 2 Chemistry 111 – 552 Peyton Farmer*, Primary Author Partners: Jacob Hicks and Abigail Boudreau TA: Ming Uei Hung Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to use elimination and confirmation tests for both cations and anions, which then allowed the unknown substance to be identified by using logic trees of known solutions. Some qualitative characteristics of chemicals such as the formation of a precipitate, the…

Reduction involves increasing the number of carbon hydrogen bonds by adding hydrogen across a double or triple bond which results in an increase in electron density at the carbon atom. Organic functional groups containing double and triple bonds which undergo reduction are unsaturated. The reduction of the double bond by addition of hydrogen atoms results in the product being fully saturated. Metal hydride reducing agents that have different reactivities toward specific functional groups are…