Hydrogen ion

Cl- has the common ion sources of HCl and CaCl2 in test tubes C and D. Le Chatelier’s Principle explains that adding Cl- as a reactant will shift the equilibrium to the right to produce more product from the added reactant in test tubes C and D. When adding acetone to…

forces have heavy influence over solubility. Intermolecular forces are between molecules and are weak forces of attraction. There are four intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, dipole-induced dipole forces, and london dispersion forces. Hydrogen bonding is the strongest and occurs when one hydrogen molecule is attracted to another molecule. Next is dipole- dipole forces which occurs between polar molecules. After that is dipole- induced dipole, it is weaker than…

thermal energy to move electrons up a level 4("Metal Ion Flame Test Colours Chart," 2014). When these excited electrons return back to the stable, ground state, a photon is produced, and based on the wavelength of the photon, a different color will be produced when the compound is burned 3(Gilbert, Kirss, Foster, & Davies, 2014). The test of the unknown compound produced an orange color. An orange color shows the presence of sodium ions 4("Metal Ion Flame Test Colours Chart," 2014). But the…

used was the unknown due to the need to test its physical and chemical qualities. When a solution of the unknown was made, 1.000 g of the unknown and 1.0 mL of water was used to make it. To test for the possible ions, 1.0 mL of silver nitrate and 1.0 mL of nitric acid were used for the ion test. Ammonium chloride and calcium chloride were the two compounds that were tested on to see if either were the unknown compound. After obtaining a balanced chemical equation that would allow for the…

After the experiment was conducted and the data was analyzed the cation in the solution was proven to affect the color of the flame. The cation in each of the solutions are calcium, copper, lithium, and potassium. The two salt solutions that have calcium as its cation are Calcium Chloride and Calcium Nitrate. When you compare those two solutions you can see that both of their flames turned orange. The two salt solutions with chloride as their anion were Calcium Chloride and Lithium Chloride.…

The catechol estrogens can give rise to semiquinones and o-quinones by any oxidizing enzyme or transition metal ions such as Cu2＋ or Fe3 [66, 67, 68]. ROS including superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals is generated when semiquinones are converted to o-quinones and o quinones are reduced back to catechols and semiquinones. These metal ions and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins [69, 70]. Sulfation of E2 leads to decreased hormonal…

ocean. Without potassium, the ninetieth element on the periodic table with chemical symbol “K,” life would be immensely different today, notwithstanding any in the first place. Potassium functions a significant role in lives, more specifically, its ions and compounds. Indeed, potassium is everywhere, but certainly not as a free element due to its highly reactive property. As the seventh most abundant element on earth, potassium remains crucial for life and humanity…

A. Questions A1. Suggest a reason why the electrical conductivity of tap water and deionized water might be different. Tap water is not purified therefore it contains some ions which will increase the electrical conductivity, whereas the deionized water does not contain ions so it is a very poor conductor of electricity. A2. Was there a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl and of the 0.1 M NaCl solution and if yes, why? Yes, there was a difference in the conductivity of solid NaCl…

reflecting the 4 distinct types of hydrogen. The area represented by the 4 peaks was 10, which…

Precipitation reaction, or otherwise known as double-replacement reaction, is one of the three common types of chemical reactions along with decomposition and combustion. A simple definition for the precipitation reaction would be “atoms from two different compounds switch places” (Lew 40). This means that one of the reactant’s molecule “trades” places with another from another compound to form products, like a precipitate, hence the term double-replacement. A precipitate is usually a solid…