Hydrogen ion

electrons in its outer shell and acts as the central atom. Two of these electrons is shared with the two hydrogen atoms which have one valance electron each in their outer shell giving a chemical formula of H2O. This shared pair helps to fill…

Magnesium ion is required for generating Ser102 nucleophile Stec et al. suggested a reaction mechanism involving three metal ions, which is modified from the two metal ion catalysis theory proposed by Kim and Wyckoff (16). As mentioned, Ser102 acts as a nucleophile and facilitates the departure of an alcohol group during the first step of this reaction. In order for this occur, Ser102 has to be deprotonated. X-ray crystallography has been used to examine the mechanism of alkaline phosphatase.…

As it can be seen the concentration of the phenol compounds decreased as the hydrogen peroxide increases. The presence of the anions decreases the rates of the phenolic compounds, the sulfates influence in a smaller degree. For phenol and 2-nitrophenol the difference in slope or degradation rates for chloride and sulfate are 0.71 and 0.55, and only 0.16 for 2-chlorophenol. The presence of chloride inhibits in greater proportion the formation of hydroxyl radicals than the sulfate , this can be…

Different solvents need different amounts of energy to break their bonds, as they are made of different ions. • Temperature of the water. The higher the temperature of the water at the start, the bigger the energy changes in dissolving when it is exothermic. The factor that I will be looking at for this experiment is how the mass of solvent effects the temperature…

equals the total mass of the products. During a chemical reaction, the atoms/ions of the reactants are rearranged to form new products. Thus, chemical equations must always be balanced, with the same kinds and numbers of atoms/ions and mass on both sides of the arrow, meaning that the combined mass of the sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, and the combined mass of the…

Paragraph 1 For α-Quartz, its lattice symmetry is trigonal, and for β-Quartz, its lattice symmetry is hexagonal. For α-FePO4, its space group is P3121 and thus its lattice symmetry can be inferred to be also trigonal, just like α-Quartz. Similarly, β-FePO4 space group is P6422 and its lattice symmetry can be inferred to be hexagonal, just like β-Quartz. Although the chemical structures of quartz and FePO4 are different, with quartz having a formula of SiO2, they can actually be in the same…

contaminate environment by releasing, but are aquatically toxic. Synthesis:- The methylimidazolium and pyridinium ions have proven to be good starting points for the development of ionic liquids. Properties, such as melting point, viscosity, and solubility of starting materials and other solvents, are determined by the substituents on the organic component and by the counter ion. Many ionic liquids have even been developed for specific synthetic problems. For this reason, ionic liquids…

According to R.A Aitken, “An asymmetric synthesis may be defined as a synthesis in which an achiral unit is an ensemble of substrate molecules is converted to a chiral unit such that the possible stereoisomers are formed in unequal amounts.” It relates to any synthetic process that incorporates one or more new elements of chirality during a functional group transformation. Asymmetric synthesis involves the formation of chiral molecules. An object is said to be chiral, if it cannot be…

The goal of this laboratory experiment was to determine the identity of an unknown ionic compound, unknown sample 3, through the substance’s chemical properties and reactivity. This compound was discovered in a landfill and we needed to know as much information as we can about how the chemical will behave in different situations so that the city will not be negatively affected by the chemical.2 Thus, we first needed to identify the unknown substance, determine some of its chemical properties and…

apart into ions. Just because it dissolves in water does not make it solely polar covalent, but since it has a relatively low conductivity, 534 mS/cm in the 0-20000 range, then it most likely is polar covalent. This is further confirmed with the fact that it does not react with NaOH, NaCl, or AgNO3, all ionic substances. The red dye does not react with NaOH since there was no color change when added, and the conductivity simple rose as the NaOH was added, due to the fact the excess ions were…